Lecture 01: Intro to the CV System (Hayward) Flashcards

0
Q

How are two circulatory systems connected?

A

In series: R and L sides push same volume of blood at same time

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1
Q

2 main divisions of circulatory system

A

pulmonary (R heart, low pressure) and systemic (L heart, high pressure)

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2
Q

4 components of each division of circulatory system

A

pump (heart), distribution system (arterial system), exchange region (capillaries), and collection system (venous system)

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3
Q

Main fx of atria

A

receive blood and assist its flow to the ventricles. Also do some pumping

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4
Q

Main fx of ventricles

A

pump blood. L–> eject blood to systemic circulation, R–> eject blood to pulmonary circulation

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5
Q

semilunar valves

A

allow for blood flow out of the ventricle into the pulmonary/systemic circulation

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6
Q

tricuspid valve

A

between RA and RV

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7
Q

Pulmonic valve

A

between RV and lung

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8
Q

mitral valve

A

b/w LA and LV

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9
Q

aortic valve

A

between LV and aorta

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10
Q

is opening/closing of valves active or passive?

A

passive; depends on pressure gradients only

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11
Q

AV valves

A

mitral and tricuspid valves

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12
Q

Main fx of arterial system

A

distribute blood. Also acts as a pressure storage system/regulates tissue blood flow and arterial pressure

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13
Q

Main fx of veins

A

reservoir of blood for rapid mobilization when additional blood flow/cardiac output is needed

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14
Q

main fx of capillaries

A

exchange of nutrients and elimination of waste

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15
Q

Primary regulators of BP, HR, and heart contractility

A

ANS and specific hormonal systems

16
Q

All preganglionics release what neurotransmitter?

A

acetylcholine

17
Q

What NT do parasympathetic postganglionics release?

A

Ach

18
Q

What NT do sympathetic postganglionics release?

A

Norepinephrine

19
Q

What receptors do parasym. postganglionics act on and where are they located?

A

Muscarinic receptors; parasym. postganglionic cell bodies located close to target tissues

20
Q

Where are sympathetic postganglionic cell bodies located?

A

sympathetic chain or aggregations of postganglionic cells

21
Q

What receptors do sympathetic postganglionics act on?

A

alpha or beta receptors

22
Q

Where do sympathetic preganglionics originate?

A

TL-L3

23
Q

Where do parasym. preganglionics originate?

A

brainstem and sacral cord

24
Q

Where is vasopressin/ADH produced?

A

hypothalamus

25
Q

where is epi produced?

A

adrenal medulla

26
Q

RAAS –> CV system?

A

changes blood volume

27
Q

What division of ANS innervates the vasculature?

A

parasympathetic

28
Q

Which circulating hormones are most important to the CV system? (3)

A

1) RAAS
2) Vasopressin/ADH
3) Epinephrine

29
Q

Blood flow

A

volume of blood that moves past a particular point in the CV system per unit time. Aka cardiac output

30
Q

2 main factors influencing blood flow

A

blood pressure and resistance to flow

31
Q

blood pressure

A

measure of the driving force propelling blood through the vessels

32
Q

Flow =

A

F = (P1-P2)/R. The greater the pressure gradient, the better the flow