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Undeleted > Lecture 20: Canine Repro (Kelleman) > Flashcards

Lecture 20: Canine Repro (Kelleman) Flashcards

0
Q

what is a dog’s “heat” or “in season”?

A

the combination of estrus and proestrus. the time when vulvar discharge is seen

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1
Q

why type of estrous cycle do dogs have?

A

monoestrous - 1 estrous cycle per year, non-seasonal

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2
Q

when does puberty occur in dogs?

A

onset of first estrous cycle - 6 months to 2 years of age

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3
Q

interestrus interval

A

the time between one proestrus and the next
4.5 - 12 months

german shepherds - shorter
Basenji - longer (yearly estrus)

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4
Q

describe the follicular phase

A
  • estrogen

- subdivided into proestrus and estrus

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5
Q

describe the luteal phase

A

dominated by progesterone

in the bitch, it is generally NOT subdivided into metestrus & diestrus

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6
Q

canine estrous cycle

A
  • proestrus
  • estrus
  • diestrus (aka metestrus)
  • anestrus
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7
Q

vaginal cytology

A

gives you a basic idea of where a bitch is in the estrous cycle. useful when used in conjunction with progesterone.
bioassay for presence of ESTROGEN

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8
Q

vaginal cytology results: what is the significance of cornification?
non-cornified epithelial cells vs. non-cornified epithelial cells

A

cornification shows the progression of epithelial cell death resulting from tissue thickening due to estrogen.
non-cornified epithelial cells: parabasal and intermediate
cornified epithelial cells: superficial and anuclear squamous

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9
Q

what is the effect of LH in dogs?

A

ovulation

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10
Q

effect of estrogen in dogs?

A
  • vaginal lining epithelial cells and wall thickness

- behavior and physical signs

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11
Q

do non-pregnant bitches produce progesterone?

A

Yes! progesterone is produced in pregnant and non-pregnant bitches!

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12
Q

effect of relaxin in dogs?

A
  • produced by the canine placenta
  • relaxes pelvic canal and cervix
  • blood test for pregnancy determination
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13
Q

what diagnostic test is more accurate than any qualitative test?

A

canine ovulation timing test - tests progesterone levels

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14
Q

length of proestrus

A

0 -27 days; average 9 days

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15
Q

behavior during proestrus

A

attractive to the male but not receptive. will NOT stand to be bred

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16
Q

what does a vaginal cytology show during proestrus

A

progressive cornification

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17
Q

endocrinology of estrogen and progesterone during proestrus

A

estrogen rising to peak!

pre-ovulatory rise in progesterone! - preovulatory luteinzation

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18
Q

anatomy during proestrus

A

vulvar swelling and serosanguinous discharge, vaginal fold thickening, follicular development
- source of RBC’s is uterine via diapedesis

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19
Q

length of estrus in dogs

A

4 - 24 days; average 9 days

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20
Q

behavior of dogs during estrus

A

receptive, STANDS TO BE BRED

21
Q

vaginal cytology of dogs in estrus

A

cornification prominent. should not have WBCs

22
Q

endocrinology of dogs in estrus

A 
estrogen is FALLING
pre-ovulatory rise in progesterone continues!
LH peak (estrus; junction btwn proestrus/estrus)
23
Q

anatomy of dog in estrus

A

less vulvar swelling and serous to serosanguinous discharge; vaingal fold CRENULATION; further follicular development and OVULATION

24
what is unique about the bitch in estrus?
- progesterone is rising pre-ovulatory! | - and estrogen is falling
25
what happens during estrus?
LH peak abrupt and short ovulation occurs 24 - 48 hours later
26
ovulation in the dog - how is it different?
she ovulates primarily OOCYTES! - they must then mature with meiosis to secondary oocyte prior to fertilization. - first division in meiosis is reductional
27
when should you breed the bitch?
4 and 6 days after the LH peak for optimally mature oocytes
28
behavior in the bitch during diestrus
NOT RECEPTIVE
29
what will be seen on vaginal cytology during diestrus in the bitch?
ABRUPT change to NON-cornification; WBC normal
30
endocrinology of the bitch during diestrus
HIGH progesterone
31
anatomy of the bitch during diestrus
less vulvar swelling; discharge quality variable, then stops; vaginal fold thinning; has CL
32
length of anestrus in the bitch
4.5 - 5 months
33
behavior of the bitch during anestrus
NOT RECEPTIVE
34
vaginal cytology of the bitch during anestrus
non cornified
35
endocrinology of bitch during anestrus
no progesterone or estrogen | late in the cycle just before pro-estrus there is some LH, FSH and estrogen
36
anatomy of the bitch during anestrous
no vulvar swelling; no discharge, vaginal folds thin, inactive ovaries!
37
stages of mating in the dog (3)
1. first stage coitus 2. the turn 3. second stage coitus
38
what is the level of progesterone in diestrus
it is high; irrespective of pregnancy status CANNOT be used as pregnancy test CL dependent to term!!
39
what type of placentation does the dog have
endotheliochorial, zonary, deciduate - can get marginal hematomas - green pigment - uteroverdin
40
4 ways to diagnose pregnancy
1. ultrasound 2. palpation 3. relaxation 4. radiographs
41
mechanism used to induce parturition
similar to ruminant: | cortisol, PGF, oxytocin
42
gestation period of the dog
57 - 72 days
43
Stage I - Preparation
- variable timing - nesting, poor appetite - cervical softening
44
Stage II - fetal expulsion
- contractions - generally half to 1 hour between pups - licks neonate a prolonged uteroverdin vulvar discharge without birth of pup indicates placental separation and thus fetal life at risk
45
Stage III - what happens?
- fetal membrane passage - generally with each pup | - bitch may eat membranes
46
puerperium: how long is involution? how long can they have lochia?
involution is prolonged - a minimum of 2 months | lochia - is brick-red to brown in color, can have it for several weeks, should be odorless
47
pseudocyesis what is it?
"pseudopregnancy" - it is every non-pregnant diestrus. - the progesterone falls during diestrus which stimulates prolactin rise which is instrumental in lactation
48
canine dystocia: obstructive
feto-maternal disproportion, brachycephalics, large singleton
49
canine dystocia: non-obstructive
1. primary uterine inertia: hypocalcemia, myometrial atony | 2. secondary uterine inertia: maternal exhaustion
50
dystocia treatment: obstructive, non-obstructive, live compromised pups, and dead pups
obstructive: vaginal exam, c-section, NO ecbolics (dx that induce contraction) non-obstructive: calcium, oxytocin, c-section live compromised pups: c-section dead pups with no obstruction: vaginal delivery, calcium, oxytocin, c-section

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