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Undeleted > Lecture 20: Canine Repro (Kelleman) > Flashcards

Lecture 20: Canine Repro (Kelleman) Flashcards

0
Q

what is a dog’s “heat” or “in season”?

A

the combination of estrus and proestrus. the time when vulvar discharge is seen

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1
Q

why type of estrous cycle do dogs have?

A

monoestrous - 1 estrous cycle per year, non-seasonal

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2
Q

when does puberty occur in dogs?

A

onset of first estrous cycle - 6 months to 2 years of age

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3
Q

interestrus interval

A

the time between one proestrus and the next
4.5 - 12 months

german shepherds - shorter
Basenji - longer (yearly estrus)

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4
Q

describe the follicular phase

A
  • estrogen

- subdivided into proestrus and estrus

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5
Q

describe the luteal phase

A

dominated by progesterone

in the bitch, it is generally NOT subdivided into metestrus & diestrus

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6
Q

canine estrous cycle

A
  • proestrus
  • estrus
  • diestrus (aka metestrus)
  • anestrus
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7
Q

vaginal cytology

A

gives you a basic idea of where a bitch is in the estrous cycle. useful when used in conjunction with progesterone.
bioassay for presence of ESTROGEN

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8
Q

vaginal cytology results: what is the significance of cornification?
non-cornified epithelial cells vs. non-cornified epithelial cells

A

cornification shows the progression of epithelial cell death resulting from tissue thickening due to estrogen.
non-cornified epithelial cells: parabasal and intermediate
cornified epithelial cells: superficial and anuclear squamous

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9
Q

what is the effect of LH in dogs?

A

ovulation

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10
Q

effect of estrogen in dogs?

A
  • vaginal lining epithelial cells and wall thickness

- behavior and physical signs

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11
Q

do non-pregnant bitches produce progesterone?

A

Yes! progesterone is produced in pregnant and non-pregnant bitches!

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12
Q

effect of relaxin in dogs?

A
  • produced by the canine placenta
  • relaxes pelvic canal and cervix
  • blood test for pregnancy determination
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13
Q

what diagnostic test is more accurate than any qualitative test?

A

canine ovulation timing test - tests progesterone levels

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14
Q

length of proestrus

A

0 -27 days; average 9 days

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15
Q

behavior during proestrus

A

attractive to the male but not receptive. will NOT stand to be bred

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16
Q

what does a vaginal cytology show during proestrus

A

progressive cornification

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17
Q

endocrinology of estrogen and progesterone during proestrus

A

estrogen rising to peak!

pre-ovulatory rise in progesterone! - preovulatory luteinzation

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18
Q

anatomy during proestrus

A

vulvar swelling and serosanguinous discharge, vaginal fold thickening, follicular development
- source of RBC’s is uterine via diapedesis

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19
Q

length of estrus in dogs

A

4 - 24 days; average 9 days

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20
Q

behavior of dogs during estrus

A

receptive, STANDS TO BE BRED

21
Q

vaginal cytology of dogs in estrus

A

cornification prominent. should not have WBCs

22
Q

endocrinology of dogs in estrus

A 
estrogen is FALLING
pre-ovulatory rise in progesterone continues!
LH peak (estrus; junction btwn proestrus/estrus)
23
Q

anatomy of dog in estrus

A

less vulvar swelling and serous to serosanguinous discharge; vaingal fold CRENULATION; further follicular development and OVULATION

24
Q

what is unique about the bitch in estrus?

A
  • progesterone is rising pre-ovulatory!

- and estrogen is falling

25
Q

what happens during estrus?

A

LH peak
abrupt and short
ovulation occurs 24 - 48 hours later

26
Q

ovulation in the dog - how is it different?

A

she ovulates primarily OOCYTES!

  • they must then mature with meiosis to secondary oocyte prior to fertilization.
  • first division in meiosis is reductional
27
Q

when should you breed the bitch?

A

4 and 6 days after the LH peak for optimally mature oocytes

28
Q

behavior in the bitch during diestrus

A

NOT RECEPTIVE

29
Q

what will be seen on vaginal cytology during diestrus in the bitch?

A

ABRUPT change to NON-cornification; WBC normal

30
Q

endocrinology of the bitch during diestrus

A

HIGH progesterone

31
Q

anatomy of the bitch during diestrus

A

less vulvar swelling; discharge quality variable, then stops; vaginal fold thinning; has CL

32
Q

length of anestrus in the bitch

A

4.5 - 5 months

33
Q

behavior of the bitch during anestrus

A

NOT RECEPTIVE

34
Q

vaginal cytology of the bitch during anestrus

A

non cornified

35
Q

endocrinology of bitch during anestrus

A

no progesterone or estrogen

late in the cycle just before pro-estrus there is some LH, FSH and estrogen

36
Q

anatomy of the bitch during anestrous

A

no vulvar swelling; no discharge, vaginal folds thin, inactive ovaries!

37
Q

stages of mating in the dog (3)

A
  1. first stage coitus
  2. the turn
  3. second stage coitus
38
Q

what is the level of progesterone in diestrus

A

it is high; irrespective of pregnancy status
CANNOT be used as pregnancy test
CL dependent to term!!

39
Q

what type of placentation does the dog have

A

endotheliochorial, zonary, deciduate

  • can get marginal hematomas
  • green pigment - uteroverdin
40
Q

4 ways to diagnose pregnancy

A
  1. ultrasound
  2. palpation
  3. relaxation
  4. radiographs
41
Q

mechanism used to induce parturition

A

similar to ruminant:

cortisol, PGF, oxytocin

42
Q

gestation period of the dog

A

57 - 72 days

43
Q

Stage I - Preparation

A
  • variable timing
  • nesting, poor appetite
  • cervical softening
44
Q

Stage II - fetal expulsion

A
  • contractions
  • generally half to 1 hour between pups
  • licks neonate
    a prolonged uteroverdin vulvar discharge without birth of pup indicates placental separation and thus fetal life at risk
45
Q

Stage III - what happens?

A
  • fetal membrane passage - generally with each pup

- bitch may eat membranes

46
Q

puerperium: how long is involution? how long can they have lochia?

A

involution is prolonged - a minimum of 2 months

lochia - is brick-red to brown in color, can have it for several weeks, should be odorless

47
Q

pseudocyesis what is it?

A

“pseudopregnancy”

  • it is every non-pregnant diestrus.
  • the progesterone falls during diestrus which stimulates prolactin rise which is instrumental in lactation
48
Q

canine dystocia: obstructive

A

feto-maternal disproportion, brachycephalics, large singleton

49
Q

canine dystocia: non-obstructive

A
  1. primary uterine inertia: hypocalcemia, myometrial atony

2. secondary uterine inertia: maternal exhaustion

50
Q

dystocia treatment: obstructive, non-obstructive, live compromised pups, and dead pups

A

obstructive: vaginal exam, c-section, NO ecbolics (dx that induce contraction)
non-obstructive: calcium, oxytocin, c-section
live compromised pups: c-section
dead pups with no obstruction: vaginal delivery, calcium, oxytocin, c-section

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