Lecture 14: Intro to Heart Sounds and Cardiac Valve Dysfunction (Hayward)

Question 1

generation of heart sounds via

Answer 1

acceleration or deceleration of columns of blood (changes in rate of blood flow)

Question 2

auscultation

Answer 2

act of listening to sounds of organs

Question 3

2nd heart sound assoc. with

Answer 3

closing of semilunar valve

Question 4

1st heart sound assoc. with

Answer 4

closing of AV valves

Question 5

Cause of splitting of heart sounds during inspiration

Answer 5

RV staying open slightly longer than LV because there is more filling of RV and takes longer to get volume out than LV

Question 6

“lub-dub”

Answer 6

at beginning and end of systolic contraction

Question 7

3rd heart sound

Answer 7

not usually heard. Corresponds to deceleration of blood flowing into the ventricles. Occurs in early diastole

Question 8

4th heart sound

Answer 8

not usually heard. Corresponds to oscillation of blood and cardiac chambers during atrial contraction.

Question 9

AV block –> 1st heart sound

Answer 9

delayed 1st heart sound due to prolonged atrial contraction relative to ventricular contraction

Question 10

Factors that may diminish heart sounds

Answer 10

obesity, effusion, decreased contractility

Question 11

Factors that may increase heart sound intensity

Answer 11

youth, skinny, increased contractility, anemia

Question 12

murmur + cause

Answer 12

abnormal, prolonged heart sound. Turinbulent flow through valvular defects

Question 13

stenosis

Answer 13

narrowing of a valve

Question 14

insufficient valve

Answer 14

no longer closes during appropriate cycle

Question 15

diastolic murmur causes (3)

Answer 15

mitral and/or tricuspid stenosis, aortic valve regurgitation. Assoc. with when filling occurs in diastole

Question 16

systolic murmur causes (3)

Answer 16

1) aortic valve insufficiency
2) aortic valve stenosis
3) ventricular-septal defect
Assoc. with when contraction occurs in systole

Question 17

ventricular-septal defect

Answer 17

blood flows from LV to RV during systole

Question 18

stenosis –> ventricular forces to eject blood volume

Answer 18

greater forces needed. Also increased pressure

Question 19

Aortic stenosis –> Pressure in LV during systole

Answer 19

greatly increased

Question 20

Mitral insufficiency is assoc. with what kind of murmur? ***

Answer 20

systolic murmur ***

Question 21

Mitral regurgitation is assoc. with what heart sound?

Answer 21

audible 3rd heart sound

Question 22

Mitral stenosis is assoc. with what kind of murmur?

Answer 22

diastolic murmur

Question 23

Consequences of mitral valve stenosis? (3)

Answer 23

1) increased LA pressure
2) atrial dilation leaves atrium susceptible to fibrillation
3) increased pulmonary pressure –> pulmonary edema

Question 24

Mitral insufficiency ***

Answer 24

blood is regurgitated from LV to LA during systole (diastolic/mitral regurgitation) ***

Question 25

Consequences of mitral insufficiency (3)

Answer 25

1) atrial dilation
2) eventual dilation of all chambers
3) pulmonary hypertension