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Undeleted > Lecture 06: Female Reproductive Cycle (Kelleman) > Flashcards

Lecture 06: Female Reproductive Cycle (Kelleman) Flashcards

1
Q

estrous cycle

A

reproductive cycle of non-primate species. Period from one estrus to the next.

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2
Q

2 phases of estrous cycle

A

follicular and luteal

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3
Q

estrous vs. estrus

A

estrous refers to the cycle, estrus refers to period of behavioral receptivity during the estrous cycle

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4
Q

Monoestrous and species

A

one estrous cycle per year. Wolves, foxes, bears, most dogs

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5
Q

polyestrous and species

A

repeated estrous cycles are uniformly distributed throughout the year. Cattle, swine, rodents

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6
Q

seasonally polyestrous and species

A

repeated estrous cycles for a PORTION of the year. Horses, sheep, goats, cats

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7
Q

anestrus

A

any time period when the female is not cycling

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8
Q

cyclicity of seasonal breeders is determined by which environmental factors? What hormone do these factors directly influence?

A

photoperiod and temperature. Regulates melatonin secretion

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9
Q

More melatonin is produced in darkness or light?

A

darkness!

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10
Q

what produces melatonin?

A

pineal gland. It is an indoleamin hormone

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11
Q

Short-day breeders and species

A

cyclicity occurs during fall months, give birth in spring. Sheep, goats

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12
Q

melatonin stimulates or inhibits GnRH secretion in short day breeders? **

A

stimulates

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13
Q

Long-day breeders and species

A

cycle in spring/summer and give birth in spring. Horses

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14
Q

melatonin stimulates or inhibits GnRH secretion in long day breeders? ***

A

inhibits

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15
Q

What does melatonin act on?

A

hypothalamus

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16
Q

What hormone does hypothalamus release (in reference to cyclicity)?

A

GnRH

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17
Q

What does GnRH act on?

A

pituitary gland

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18
Q

What hormones are released by pituitary gland (in reference to cyclicity)

A

FSH, LH

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19
Q

What do FSH and LH act on?

A

gonads

20
Q

What is reproductive cyclicity driven by?

A

secretion of hypothalamic and pituitary hormones

21
Q

How is progesterone used clinically?

A

used to make fake CL and keep animal out of heat

22
Q

Prostaglandin fx

A

luteolysis (killing off CL)

23
Q

FSH, LH, and inhibin are included in which class of hormones?

A

glycoproteins

24
Q

GnRH function

A

(released by hypothalamus) stimulates synthesis and secretion of LH and FSH from anterior pituitary gland

25
Q

FSH fx

A

(released from AP) promotes follicular development in the female.

26
Q

LH fx

A

(released from AP) causes final follicular maturation and ovulation. Promotes development and maintenance of CL

27
Q

What hormones inhibit FSH?

A

Inhibin, estrogen

28
Q

What hormone inhibits LH?

A

Progesterone

29
Q

Where is estrogen produced? Fx?

A

Produced in ovarian follicles.

  • Causes estrous behavior, ONLY when progesterone is low.
  • Inhibits FSH
  • High lvls cause GnRH and LH surge
30
Q

Where is progesterone produced? Fx?

A

Corpus luteum

  • Pregnancy maintenance
  • Inhibits estrous behavior
  • Inhibits GnRH, LH
31
Q

Where is prostaglandin produced? Fx?

A

Endometrium

-Causes destruction of CL

32
Q

Decreasing Prostaglandin –> GnRH

A

increases

33
Q

Which estrous phase has high progesterone?

A

luteal phase

34
Q

Which estrous phase has high estrogen?

A

follicular phase

35
Q

In which phase of estrous cycle does ovulation occur?

A

follicular phase

36
Q

2 subdivisions of follicular phase

A

Proestrus and estrus

37
Q

2 subdivisions of luteal phase

A

metestrus and diestrus

38
Q

Main events of proestrus

A

1) declining progesterone, rising estrogen
2) 3rd wave of follicles recruited, dominant follicle selected but doesn’t ovulate yet
3) female attracts male but doesn’t allow mating

39
Q

Main events of estrus

A

1) high estrogen, low progesterone
2) ovulation of dominant follicle occurs
3) female receptive and mating occurs

40
Q

Main events of metestrus

A

1) declining estrogen, rising progesterone
2) CL forming
3) female not receptive
4) 1st wave of new follicles recruited, but does not reach ovulation because of high progesterone

41
Q

Main events of diestrus

A

1) High progesterone, low estrogen
2) 2nd wave of follicles recruited, ovulation not reached because of high progesterone
3) female refuses male

42
Q

luteolysis and when it occurs

A

when no pregnancy, prostaglandin released by endometrium and CL destroyed. Occurs at end of diestrus

43
Q

Order of estrous cycle phases

A

Proestrus –> estrus –> metestrus –> diestrus “PEMD”

44
Q

How do rising lvls of estrogen feed back to surge center of hypothalamus? ***

A

Positive feedback loop. Estrogen –> GnRH –> LH –> ovulation and spinofollicular maturation

45
Q

How does inhibin released by dominant follicle feed back to hypothalamus?

A

negative feedback loop. Inhibits FSH

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