Lecture 18: Arterial System and Pulse Pressure (Hayward) Flashcards

1
Q

BP usually measures:

A

arterial pressure

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2
Q

arterial or venous side has more resistance?

A

arterial side

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3
Q

Pressure in arterial system is a fx of:

A

volume in minus volume out

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4
Q

Dicrotic notch

A

assoc. with sudden release of push from heart; there is initial fast recoil that is very fast, which means there will be a squeeze of blood on arterial system that is greater than what’s leaving at that time

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5
Q

What physiological factors determine arterial pressure?

A

cardiac output, vascular resistance

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6
Q

What physical factors determine arterial pressure?

A

blood volume, vessel compliance. We have less control over these

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7
Q

increased vessel compliance –> change in pressure for same volume in?

A

decreased

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8
Q

increased cardiac output –> MAP at constant TPR?

A

increases

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9
Q

Increased TPR with constant cardiac output –> MAP?

A

Increases

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10
Q

Total energy =

A

= KE + PE = systolic energy

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11
Q

What type of energy is used to move blood forward during diastole?

A

PE

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12
Q

outflow&raquo_space;>inflow in ________

A

diastole

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13
Q

inflow > outflow in _______

A

systole

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14
Q

changes in CO force changes in _____ if TPR remains the same

A

MAP

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15
Q

pulse pressure =

A

systolic pressure - diastolic pressure

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16
Q

MAP formulas

A

MAP = CO * TPR = (HR*SV) * TPR = Pdia + [(Psys - Pdia)/3]

17
Q

systolic pressure

A

peak pressure generated when heart pumps blood out to arterial system

18
Q

Main factors contributing to systolic pressure (3)

A

1) ventricular stroke volume
2) rate of ejection
3) compliance of aorta

19
Q

increased SV with all else same–> systolic pressure?

A

increases (i.e. athlete)

20
Q

decreased compliance with all else same –> systolic pressure

21
Q

increased stroke volume –> diastolic pressure

22
Q

importance of pulse pressure

A

tells you how volume is moving through the CV system. Pressure felt when feeling a pulse

23
Q

hypertension

A

high resistance in system

24
Q

aortic insufficiency during diastole –> arterial pressure, pulse pressure?

A

arterial pressure drops, pulse pressure rises

25
2 Possible causes of low pulse pressure
1) hemorrhage | 2) congestive heart failure (damage to heart tissue)
26
3 possible causes of high pulse pressure
1) bradycardia (results in slow filling) 2) hypertension 3) decreased aortic compliance
27
measuring diastolic pressure
point when flow changes from turbulent to laminar flow when pressure cuff released
28
Normal system vs. pulmonary MAP
systemic: 100mmHg, pulmonary: 10mmHg