Lecture 18: Arterial System and Pulse Pressure (Hayward)

Question 1

BP usually measures:

Answer 1

arterial pressure

Question 2

arterial or venous side has more resistance?

Answer 2

arterial side

Question 3

Pressure in arterial system is a fx of:

Answer 3

volume in minus volume out

Question 4

Dicrotic notch

Answer 4

assoc. with sudden release of push from heart; there is initial fast recoil that is very fast, which means there will be a squeeze of blood on arterial system that is greater than what’s leaving at that time

Question 5

What physiological factors determine arterial pressure?

Answer 5

cardiac output, vascular resistance

Question 6

What physical factors determine arterial pressure?

Answer 6

blood volume, vessel compliance. We have less control over these

Question 7

increased vessel compliance –> change in pressure for same volume in?

Answer 7

decreased

Question 8

increased cardiac output –> MAP at constant TPR?

Answer 8

increases

Question 9

Increased TPR with constant cardiac output –> MAP?

Answer 9

Increases

Question 10

Total energy =

Answer 10

= KE + PE = systolic energy

Question 11

What type of energy is used to move blood forward during diastole?

Answer 11

PE

Question 12

outflow&raquo_space;>inflow in ________

Answer 12

diastole

Question 13

inflow > outflow in _______

Answer 13

systole

Question 14

changes in CO force changes in _____ if TPR remains the same

Answer 14

MAP

Question 15

pulse pressure =

Answer 15

systolic pressure - diastolic pressure

Question 16

MAP formulas

Answer 16

MAP = CO * TPR = (HR*SV) * TPR = Pdia + [(Psys - Pdia)/3]

Question 17

systolic pressure

Answer 17

peak pressure generated when heart pumps blood out to arterial system

Question 18

Main factors contributing to systolic pressure (3)

Answer 18

1) ventricular stroke volume
2) rate of ejection
3) compliance of aorta

Question 19

increased SV with all else same–> systolic pressure?

Answer 19

increases (i.e. athlete)

Question 20

decreased compliance with all else same –> systolic pressure

Answer 20

increases

Question 21

increased stroke volume –> diastolic pressure

Answer 21

decreases

Question 22

importance of pulse pressure

Answer 22

tells you how volume is moving through the CV system. Pressure felt when feeling a pulse

Question 23

hypertension

Answer 23

high resistance in system

Question 24

aortic insufficiency during diastole –> arterial pressure, pulse pressure?

Answer 24

arterial pressure drops, pulse pressure rises

Question 25

2 Possible causes of low pulse pressure

Answer 25

1) hemorrhage

2) congestive heart failure (damage to heart tissue)

Question 26

3 possible causes of high pulse pressure

Answer 26

1) bradycardia (results in slow filling)
2) hypertension
3) decreased aortic compliance

Question 27

measuring diastolic pressure

Answer 27

point when flow changes from turbulent to laminar flow when pressure cuff released

Question 28

Normal system vs. pulmonary MAP

Answer 28

systemic: 100mmHg, pulmonary: 10mmHg