Resp 2 Flashcards
Type I alveolar cell
for gas exchange
Type II alveolar cell
surfactant cell
The pulmonary circulation has a ______ flow rate, and a _____ pressure circuit.
high, low
partial pressure
pressure exerted by one gas
Dalton’s law
the total pressure exerted by a mixture of gases is the sum of the pressure exerted by each gas
Air moves from a region of ___ pressure to ___ pressure.
high, low
F=
deltaP/R (pressure difference between two points, and resistance)
pressures during inspiration
Palv < Patm
pressures during expiration
Palv > Patm
Boyle’s Law
P1V1=P2V2
ventilation =
breathing
define ventilation
bulk flow exchange of air between atmosphere and alveoli
How does a spirometer work?
When subject inhales, air moves into lungs and volume of bell decreases causing the pen to rise on tracing
tidal volume
~500ml; the normal volume of air displaced between normal inhalation and exhalation
inspiratory reserve volume
~3000mL; the additional air that could still be inspired
expiratory reserve volume
~1100mL; the volume of air that still remains within the lungs that can be expired
residual volume
~1200mL; always in the lungs even with maximal expiratory effort
Important functions of lung volumes
- prevent airway collapse
- allows continuous exchange
total lung capacity
sum of all 4 volumes
functional residual capacity
sum of ERV and RV; capacity of air remaining after expiration
inspiratory capacity
sum of IRV and TV; maximal amount of air than one can inspire
vital capacity
sum of IRV, TV, and ERV; max achievable tidal volume
FVC
forced vital capacity
FEV1
forced expired volume in 1 second
pulmonary function test
Testing an individuals FVC and comparing it to their FEV1
During ventilation, air flows due to…
pressure gradients
60%-75% of inspiratory volume change is due to…
the diaphragm
Inspiration occurs when….
alveolar pressure decreases
How do we decrease alveolar pressure/inspire?
increasing alveolar volume with our inspiratory skeletal muscles
25%-40% of inspiratory volume change is due to..
movements of the rib cage
Expiration occurs when…
alveolar pressure increases
