Repro 6 Flashcards
IUD
create a mild inflammatory reaction in endometrium that prevent implantation of a fertilized egg as well as kill sperm
Side effects of IUD
from pain and bleeding to infertility caused by pelvic inflammatory disease and blockage of fallopian tubes
pills
combinations of estrogen and progesterone inhibit gonadotropin secretion necessary for ovulation
RISUG/VasalGel
A type of male contraceptive
- Reversible Inhibition of Sperm Under Guidance
- injection of polymer gel into vas deferens
Vaccines as a form of birth control?
- unsusucessful
- produce antibodies to ovum or sperm
causes of infertility in males
- low sperm count, abnormal sperm, abnormal motility
- infections
- defective valves
- retrograde ejaculation
- when females or males produce sperm antibodies
causes of infertility in females
- damaged fallopian tubes
- ovulation disorders
- endometriosis
- uterine/cervical disorders
Explain in vitro fertilization
- woman given hormone treatments to stimulate egg production
- multiple eggs taken from woman ovaries
- eggs mixed with sperm in culture dish to become fertilized
- fertilized eggs are placed in an incubator for about 48 hours
- embryos are implanted in the woman’s uterus or frozen
capacitation
When sperm sheds surface molecules allowing them to rapidly swim and penetrate an egg
An egg is viable to be fertilized for _____ hours post ovulation
12-24
Sperm will remain viable in the female reproductive tract for….
5-6 DAYS!!!!
Fertilization commonly occurs in the ____ portion of the fallopian tube.
distal
How does sperm penetrate the cells and zone pellucid surrounding the egg?
Capacitated sperm release enzymes from their acrosomes
describe the steps to fertilization
- sperm and egg plasma membranes fuse
- cortical rxn to prevent polyspermy
- sperm nucleus moves into cytoplasm of egg
- oocyte nucleus complete meiotic division
- sperm and egg nuclei fuse to form zygote nucleus
The developing embryo implants in the..
endometrium
name the stages to becoming a blastocyst :)
- zygote
- 2 cell stage
- 4 cell stage
- 8 cell stage
- morula
- blastocyst
- implanted blastocysts
blastocysts
- approximately 100 cells
- implants approximately 7 days after ovulation
trophoblast
outer cell layer of blastocyst
Unpon contact with endometrium, the trophoblasts …..
proliferate and secrete proteolytic enzymes allowing blastocyst to penetrate wall
chorion
outer cell layer of blastocyst forming an extra embryonic membrane that encloses embryo and forming the placenta
amnion
secretes amniotic fluid
allantois
becomes part of the umbilical cord
chorionic villi
penetrate vascularized endometrium
-contain embryonic blood vessels
placenta
secrete enzymes that break down walls of maternal blood vessels
