GI 5

Question 1

pancreatic islet cells

Answer 1

endocrine secretory epithelium; secrete hormones that enter the blood like insulin and glucagon

Question 2

pancreatic acini

Answer 2

exocrine secretory epithelium; secreted digestive enzymes and sodium bicarbonate

Question 3

zymogens

Answer 3

inactive pancreatic digestive enzymes

Question 4

What can activate zymogens?

Answer 4

trypsin

Question 5

trypsin

Answer 5

trypsinogen converted by enteropeptidase

Question 6

Bicarbonate in duct cells

Answer 6

neutralize acid entering from stomach

Question 7

Cells that produce bicarbonate have high concentrations of..

Answer 7

carbonic anhydrase

Question 8

common hepatic duct

Answer 8

takes bile made in the liver to the gallbladder for storage

Question 9

common bile duct

Answer 9

takes bile from the gallbladder to the lumen of the small intestine

Question 10

sphincter of oddi

Answer 10

controls release of bile and pancreatic secretions into the duodenum

Question 11

bile

Answer 11

a non-enzymatic solution secreted from hepatocytes

Question 12

3main components of bile

Answer 12

• bile salts
• bile pigments (bilirubin)
• cholesterol

Question 13

Bile excretes…

Answer 13

xenobiotics and drugs

Question 14

bile salts

Answer 14

coat fat droplets in chyme so it can be broken down smaller, stable particles and stored in micelles

Question 15

gallstones

Answer 15

hardened deposits likely due to excess cholesterol or bilirubin

Question 16

Symptoms and treatment of gallstones

Answer 16

• upper right abdominal pain, jaundice

- gallbladder removal

Question 17

amylase

Answer 17

break down glucose polymers to disaccharides

Question 18

30-60% of digested proteins are not from ingested food, but from…

Answer 18

dead cells, enzymes, and mucus

Question 19

2 categories of enzymes for protein digestions

Answer 19

endopeptidase, exopeptidase

Question 20

endopeptidase

Answer 20

released as zymogens, digests internal peptide bonds

-ex. pepsin, trypsin, chemotrypsin

Question 21

exopeptidase

Answer 21

release single amino acids from peptides one at a time

Question 22

Protein digestion primarily results in … and therefore, absorbed as such.

Answer 22

free amino acids, and some di- and tripeptides

Question 23

Fat soluble vitamins

Answer 23

A,D,E,K

Question 24

Water soluble vitamins

Answer 24

C, B

Question 25

Most water is absorbed in..

Answer 25

the small intestine