GI 6

Question 1

Mineral absorption is usually by..

Answer 1

active transport

Question 2

Transcellular transport is regulated by…

Answer 2

vitamin D3

Question 3

Fat soluble vitamins are absorbed with…

Answer 3

fats

Question 4

Water soluble vitamins are absorbed by…

Answer 4

mediated transport

Question 5

B12 is absorbed in the..

Answer 5

ileum

Question 6

Most water is absorbed in…

Answer 6

the small intestine

Question 7

How is Na+ absorbed?

Answer 7

NaK-ATPase pumps it into the ECF

Question 8

How do water and J+ get absorbed?

Answer 8

they move though paracellular pathways

Question 9

S cells/secretin

Answer 9

stimulated by acid entering the duodenum from the stomach

-primary role in regulation of pH

Question 10

How does secretin regulate pH

Answer 10

-stimulates bicarbonate secretion from pancreas and inhibits gastric acid secretion, motility, and emptying

Question 11

I cells/ cholecystokinin (CCK)

Answer 11

stimulated by presence of fatty acids and amino acids in chyme

• regulates pancreatic enzyme secretion and bile secretion
• inhibits gastric acid production/emptying

Question 12

K cells

Answer 12

GIP

Question 13

L cells

Answer 13

GLP-1

Question 14

Primary endocrine function of GIP and GLP 1

Answer 14

glucose homeostasis

-inhibit gastric acid secretion and motility

Question 15

the large intestine

Answer 15

store and concentrates fecal matter

Question 16

~ ___L of chyme proceed through the ileocecal valve

Answer 16

1.5L

Question 17

gastroileal reflex

Answer 17

food in the stomach causes contraction of ileum

Question 18

After ions and water is reabsorbed, how much is left to be excreted?

Answer 18

0.1L

Question 19

Secretion in the large intestine

Answer 19

minimal and primarily consists of mucus from goblet cells

Question 20

Digestion in large intestine

Answer 20

historically believed that zero digestions occurs

Question 21

Effects of probiotics?

Answer 21

• reduced depression, anxiety
• increased memory and social behaviour
• increased sensory gating

Question 22

3 types of motility in the large intestine

Answer 22

• slow peristaltic movement
• haustral rolling or churning
• mass peristalsis

Question 23

haustal rolling/churning

Answer 23

additional muscle layer, taenia coli, creates pouches called haustra when contracted

Question 24

mass peristalsis

Answer 24

gastrocolic reflex, stimulated by food in stomach

Question 25

3 reflexes initiated by distension of the rectum

Answer 25

• peristaltic waves
• relaxation of internal sphincter
• contraction of external sphincter

Question 26

diarrhea

Answer 26

an increase in the frequency, volume, and fluid content of faces due to increased secretion, reduced absorption, or increased motility

Question 27

80% of lymphocytes are located in..

Answer 27

the gut

Question 28

Vomiting centre in the medulla causes what 3 primary responses?

Answer 28

• retrograde contractions in the small intestine and stomach
• contraction of abdominal and inspiratory muscle increasing gastric pressure
• relaxation of esophageal sphincters