Renal 5

Question 1

mass balance

Answer 1

whatever comes in must be excreted if not needed

Question 2

behavioural mechanisms

Answer 2

play an essential role in fluid and electrolyte balance

Question 3

H2O and Na+ determine..

Answer 3

ECF volume and osmolarity

Question 4

K+ balance can cause problems with..

Answer 4

cardiac and muscle function

Question 5

Ca2+ is involved in…

Answer 5

many processes in the body

Question 6

H+ and HCO3- determine..

Answer 6

body pH

Question 7

The lungs lose water and help remove H+ and HCO3- by excreting…

Answer 7

CO2

Question 8

Maintaining osmolarity in the body is important because…

Answer 8

water can cross most cell membranes freely

Question 9

renal tubule cells

Answer 9

constantly exposed to hypertonic ECF and produce organic solutes to match their intracellular osmolarity to the ECF

Question 10

Some cells use changes in cell volume to…

Answer 10

initiate cellular response

Question 11

Fluid and electrolyte balance involves…

Answer 11

respiratory, cardiovascular, and renal systems as wells behavioural responses

Question 12

____________ and __________ are under neural control and are RAPID

Answer 12

cardio, resp

Question 13

________ responses occur more slowly because it is primarily under endocrine and neuroendocrine control.

Answer 13

Renal

Question 14

Of the 50-60% water in our body, 2/3 is __________ and 1/3 is ___________.

Answer 14

ICF, ECF

Question 15

Of the ECF, 25% is _______ 75% is _________.

Answer 15

plasma, interstitial fluid

Question 16

The conc. or osmolarity of urine is a measure of..

Answer 16

how much water is excreted by the kidneys

Question 17

diuresis

Answer 17

removal of excess urine

Question 18

The kidneys control urine conc. by…

Answer 18

varying the amounts of water and Na+ reabsorbed in the distal nephron

Question 19

vasopressin

Answer 19

controls water reabsorption

Question 20

With maximal vasopressin…

Answer 20

the collecting duct is freely permeable to water. water leaves by osmosis and is carried away leaving urine CONCENTRATED.

Question 21

In absence of vasopressin

Answer 21

the collecting duct is impermeable to water and urine is DILUTE

Question 22

How do the distal tubule and collecting duct alter their permeability to
water?

Answer 22

by adding or removing water pores in the apical membrane under the direction of vasopressin

Question 23

stimulus of vasopressin secretion?

Answer 23

increased osmolarity

Question 24

Magnocellular Neurosecretory Cells (MNC)

Answer 24

produce and release vasopressin

Question 25

vasopressin is aka…

Answer 25

antidiuretic hormone (ADH), AVP

Question 26

Explain AVP production and secretion..

Answer 26

• osmolarity monitored by osmoreceptor neurons
• increase in osmolarity signals to MNC causing release of AVP vesicles
• AVO released into blood