Resp 1 Flashcards
4 primary function of the respiratory system
- exchange of gases
- homeostatic regulation of body pH
- protection from inhaled pathogens and irritating substances
- vocalization
principles of bulk flow
- flow occurs from region of high to low pressure
- muscular pump creates pressure gradients
- resistance is primarily influenced by diameter of tubes
cellular respiration
aerobic metabolism of glucose
external respiration
movement of gases between the environment and cells within the body; requires coordination between respiratory and cardiovascular systems
4 steps of external respiration
- atmosphere to lung (ventilation)
- lung to blood
- transport of gases in the blood
- blood to cells
structures involved in ventilation and gas exchange
airways, alveoli, bones and muscles of thorax
pleural sac
forms a double membrane surrounding each lung to create a moist, slippery surface and hold lung to thoracic wall
visceral pleura
connected to outside surface of lungs
parietal pleura
connected to inside surface of thoracic cavity
branching of airways
nasal cavity/mouth, pharynx, larynx, trachea, primary bronchi, smaller bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli
larynx
vocal cords
trachea
wind pipe; held open with 15-20 cartilage rings
How do the upper airways and bronchi play an important role in condition air before it reaches the alveoli?
- warm air to body temp.
- adding water vapour
- filter out foreign material
where is air filtered?
trachea and bronchi
pharynx
mucocilliary escalator
