GI 2

Question 1

zymogen

Answer 1

inactive form of digestive enzymes

Question 2

mucins

Answer 2

viscous glycoprotein secretions that protect GI cells and lubricate the contents

Question 3

goblet cells

Answer 3

aka mucus cells, but in the intestines and not in stomach or salivary glands

Question 4

Two purposes of motility:

Answer 4

• moves food from mouth to anus

- mechanically mixing food breaks into smaller particles

Question 5

Motility is determined and modified by:

Answer 5

properties of smooth muscles and chemical input from nerves, hormones, and paracrine signals

Question 6

Increased _____________ is the signal for smooth muscle contraction

Answer 6

cytosolic calcium

Question 7

slow waves

Answer 7

spontaneous depolarizations in GI smooth muscle

Question 8

phasic smooth muscle

Answer 8

cycles between contraction and relaxation (ex. intestine)

Question 9

tonic smooth muscle

Answer 9

is usually contracted (ex. a sphincter that relaxes to allow material to pass)

Question 10

Slow waves likely originate from…

Answer 10

interstitial cells of canal (ICC)

Question 11

interstitial cells of canal (ICC)

Answer 11

a network of modified smooth muscle cells serving as the pacemaker for slow wave activity

Question 12

What are the 3 basic patterns of contraction?

Answer 12

migrating motor complex, peristaltic contractions, segmental contractions

Question 13

migrating motor complex (motilin)

Answer 13

sweeps food remnants and bacteria out of the upper GI tract and into the large intestine (between meals)

Question 14

peristaltic contractions

Answer 14

responsible for forward movement; contraction of circular muscle behind a mass of food

Question 15

bolus

Answer 15

a mass of food

Question 16

segmental contraction

Answer 16

responsible for mixing; small segments alternatively contract and relax (no net forward movement)

Question 17

_____ and ________ are the primary regulated functions in the GI system.

Answer 17

motility and secretion

Question 18

ENS is formed by…

Answer 18

submucosal and myenteric plexus

Question 19

Short reflexes are integrated entirely within the..

Answer 19

ENS

Question 20

Long reflexes are integrated within..

Answer 20

the CNS

Question 21

Myenteric plexus is responsible for..

Answer 21

motility

Question 22

Submucosal plexus is responsible for..

Answer 22

secretion from GI secretory cells

Question 23

cephalic reflex

Answer 23

If a long reflex begins in the brain

Question 24

ENS receives info from the VNS via…

Answer 24

autonomic neurons

Question 25

_____________ input enhances GI function, _______ inhibits.

Answer 25

parasympathetic, sympathetic

Question 26

GI peptides

Answer 26

superheroes can do anything basically; GI2 slide 16

Question 27

What are the 3 hormone families

Answer 27

-gastrin, secretin, and other