Neuro 2

Question 1

fast axonal transport

Answer 1

membrane bound proteins and organelles

Question 2

anterograde fast axonal transport

Answer 2

cell body to axon terminal; up to 400 mm/day

Question 3

retrograde fast axonal transport

Answer 3

axon terminal to cell body; 200 mm/day

Question 4

slow axonal transport

Answer 4

cytoplasmic proteins (enzymes) and cytoskeleton proteins
-slow due to frequent periods of pausing movement

Question 5

anterograde slow axonal transport

Answer 5

up to 8mm/day

Question 6

motor proteins for fast axonal transport

Answer 6

kinesins and dyneins

Question 7

kinesins

Answer 7

anterograde transport

Question 8

dyneins

Answer 8

retrograde transport

Question 9

motor proteins for fast axonal transport are driven by…

Answer 9

ATP hydrolysis

Question 10

synapses

Answer 10

chemical or electrical (majority chemical)

Question 11

What is contained in synapses?

Answer 11

extracellular matrix (proteins and carbs) that hold pre and post synaptic cells

Question 12

how do billions of neurons find correct targets during development?

Answer 12

depends of chemical signals

Question 13

growth cones

Answer 13

sense and move towards particular chemical signals

Question 14

glia

Answer 14

provide support for neurons

Question 15

glial cells found in CNS

Answer 15

ependymal cells, astrocytes, microglia, oligodendrocytes

Question 16

glia cells found in PNS

Answer 16

schwann cells, satellite cells

Question 17

myelin forming glia

Answer 17

a substance composed of multiple concentric layers of phospholipid membrane wrapped around an axon that provides structural stability, acts as insulation around axon to speed up signals, and supply trophic (survival) factors

Question 18

types of myelin forming glia cells

Answer 18

oligodendrocytes and schwann cells

Question 19

myelin and oligodendrocytes

Answer 19

wrap the axons of multiple neurons (up to 50)

Question 20

myelin and schwann cells

Answer 20

1 cell wraps a segment of 1 neuron

Question 21

underlying mechanisms of MS

Answer 21

• autoiimune (immune cells attack myelin)
• reduce ability of myelin producing cells
• genetic and enviro factors

Question 22

ganglia

Answer 22

bundles of cell bodies

Question 23

satellite glial cells

Answer 23

form a supportive capsule around cell bodies and supply nutrients to ganglia in sensory and autonomic cells

Question 24

astrocytes

Answer 24

highly branched glial cells in CNS believed to make up half of cells in brain

Question 25

functions of astrocytes

Answer 25

• take up and release chemicals at synapses
• provide neurons with substrates for ATP production
• help maintain homeostasis in ECF
• surround vessels
• influence vascular dynamics

Question 26

microglia

Answer 26

specialized immune cells that reside in the CNS that protects and preserve neuronal cells from pathogens and facilitate recovery from metabolic insults

Question 27

ependymal cells

Answer 27

line fluid filled cavities in brain and spinal cord that help to circulate cerebral spinal fluid
-possibly a source of neural stem cells

Question 28

When an axon (PNS) is cut, the section attached to the cell body….

Answer 28

continues to live

Question 29

When an axon (PNS) is cut, the section distal to the cut…

Answer 29

begins to disintegrate

Question 30

Schwann cells can create a tube to….

Answer 30

guide the regeneration of axons