Renal 2 Flashcards

1
Q

The epithelium around glomerular capillaries is modified into…

A

podocytes (leaving slits through which filtration takes place)

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2
Q

mesangial cells

A

located between the capillaries that contract to alter blood flow (filtration)

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3
Q

the renal corpuscle

A

a triple filtration barrier

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4
Q

triple filtration barrier

A

-capillary endothelial cells
-basal lamina
podocyte endfeet

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5
Q

capillary endothelial cells are ________________ so things can pass through.

A

fenestrated

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6
Q

Which 3 pressures govern filtration from glomerular capillaries into the renal tubules?

A
  • hydrostatic pressure
  • colloid osmotic (oncotic) pressure
  • Bowman’s capsule hydrostatic pressure
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7
Q

hydrostatic pressure

A

of blood in the glomerular capillaries favours filtration; ~55mmHg

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8
Q

colloid osmotic (oncotic) pressure

A

the pressure gradient due to the presence of plasma proteins and opposes filtration; ~30mmHg

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9
Q

Bowman’s capsule hydrostatic pressure

A

fluid pressure that opposes filtration; ~15mmHg

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10
Q

net filtration pressure is…

A

10mmHg (55-30-15)

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11
Q

The volume of fluid that filters from the glomerular capillaries into the Bowman’s capsules per day?

A

180L/day

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12
Q

The kidneys filter our entire plasma volume approximately…

A

60x/day

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13
Q

What 2 factors influence glomerular filtration rate (GFR)?

A

net filtration pressure and filtration coefficient

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14
Q

net filtration pressure

A

renal blood flow and blood pressure

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15
Q

filtration coefficient

A

the surface area of the glomerular capillaries available for filtration and permeability of interface between capillaries and Bowman’s capsule

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16
Q

GFR is primarily regulated by..

A

renal arterioles (afferent and efferent)

17
Q

Autoregulation maintains a constant GFR when mean arterial blood pressure is…

A

between 80 and 180 mmHg

18
Q

Renal blood flow’s resistance is determined by…

A

both the afferent and efferent arterioles (overall resistance)

19
Q

What two auto-regulatory mechanism maintain a relatively stable GFR in the face of normal blood pressure fluctuations

A
  • myogenic response of the afferent arterioles

- tubuloglomerular feedback

20
Q

tubuloglomerular feedback

A

local control pathway in which fluid flow through the tubule portion of the nephron

21
Q

macula densa cells

A

sense distal tubule flow and release paracrine that affect afferent arteriole diameter

22
Q

granular cells

A

secrete renin, an enzyme involved in salt and water balance

23
Q

Flow __________ passed macula dense cells

24
Q

Increased _____ has been shown to activate macula densa cells.

25
Sympathetic activation only really alters GFR under conditions of...
hemorrhage or severe dehydration
26
What two hormones modulate arteriole resistance and filtration coefficient by acting on podocytes and/or mesangial cells?
angiotensin II (vasoconstrictor) and prostaglandins (vasodilator)