Muscle 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Action potentials propagate from the sarcolemma to the interior of muscle fibres along the…

A

t-tubule networks

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2
Q

initiation of muscle action potential

A
  • motor neuron release ACh at neuromuscular junction

- net entry of Na+ through ACh receptor-channels initiate AP

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3
Q

DHP

A

dihydropyridine; L-type Ca2+ channel

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4
Q

RyR

A

ryanodine; ca2+ release channel on sarcoplasmic reticulum

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5
Q

excitation-contraction coupling

A
  • AP in t-tubule alters conformation of DHP receptor

- DHP receptor opens RyR and Ca2+ enters cytoplasm

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6
Q

Besides mechanically, ryanodine receptors can also be activated by..

A

Calcium (calcium induced calcium release)

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7
Q

An increase in calcium conc. triggers….

A

contraction by removing the inhibition of cross bridge cycling

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8
Q

describe the removal of the inhibition of cross bridge cycling

A
  • Calcium binds on troponin C, inducing conformation change in troponin conplex
  • troponin complex and tropomyosin move and reveal myosin binding site on actin
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9
Q

4 steps of cross bridge cycling

A
  • ATP binding
  • ATP hydrolysis
  • the power stroke
  • ADP release
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10
Q

ATP binding

A

ATP binds to the head of myosin heavy chain, reducing affinity of myosin for actin

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11
Q

ATP hydrolysis

A

ATP is broken down to ADP and inorganic phosphate resulting in myosin head pivoting around hinged into cocked state

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12
Q

cocked state

A

when head is aligned with and binds to a new actin molecule on thin filament

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13
Q

the power stroke

A

dissociation of Pi from myosin head strengthens bon between actin and myosin and triggers power stroke; a conformational change in which myosin head returns to uncocked state and pulls actin filament generating force and motion

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14
Q

ADP release

A

dissociation of ADP from myosin causes myosin to remain bound to actin until ATO initiates the cycle again

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15
Q

Termination of contraction requires removal of…

A

Calcium

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16
Q

Calcium can be removed to the extracellular space by…

A

Na-Ca exchanger or by the Ca2+ pump which uses ATP

17
Q

Calsequestrin and calreticulin

A

maximize Ca2+ uptake by the SR

18
Q

Up to how many Ca2+ binding sites per molecule?

19
Q

elastic recoil of titin and other connective tissue

A

causes sarcomeres to return to initial resting position

20
Q

rigor mortis

A

development of rigid muscle several hours after death; Ca2+ leaks into sarcoplasm and binds troponin

21
Q

SERCA pump

A

reuptake of Ca2+

22
Q

When ATP production stops

A
  • Ca2+ cannot be removed
  • myosn head cannot be released from actin
  • latched cross bridge formation
23
Q

timing of E-C coupling

A

-delays between motor neuron AP and muscle fibre AP and between muscle fibre AP and contraction

24
Q

sources of ATP

A
  • free intracellular ATP

- stored as phosphocreatine

25
ATP needed for:
- myosin ATPase (contraction) - Ca2+ ATPase (relaxation) - Na+/K+ ATPase (after AP in muscle fibre)
26
Resting muscle stores energy from ATP in high energy bonds of...
phosphocreatine
27
glycohenolysis
when ATP is needed and glycogen is converted back to glucose
28
glycolysis
when one glucose molecule is broken down to pyruvate resulting in production of 2 ATP molecules
29
pyruvate can be further broken down to...
lactate
30
glycolysis is....
anaerobic metabolism
31
citric acid cycle
- after glycolysis - pyruvate produces 2 more molecules of ATP, electrons, and H+ - electron and H+ with oxygen produce 26-28 more ATP
32
glycolysis occurs in....
sarcoplasm of muscle
33
citric acid cycle is....
oxidative (aerobic) metabolism
34
citric acid cycle occurs is..
mitochondria