Muscle 6

Question 1

Skeletal muscle reflexes are involved in….

Answer 1

almost all movements

Question 2

monosynaptic reflex

Answer 2

has a single synapse between the afferent and efferent neurons

Question 3

polysynaptic reflexes

Answer 3

have two or more synapses

Question 4

proprioceptors

Answer 4

Provide information into the CNS about the position of our limbs in space, movements, and the effort exerted by skeletal muscles

Question 5

types of proprioceptors

Answer 5

muscle spindle, golgi tendon organ, joint receptors

Question 6

joint receptors

Answer 6

found in capsules and ligaments around joints and are stimulated by mechanical distortion that accompany changes in the position of bones

Question 7

muscle spindles

Answer 7

arranged parallel to skeletal muscle fibres and send info to CNS about muscle length and changes in muscle length

Question 8

what are muscle spindles made of?

Answer 8

sensory neurons wrapped around intrafusal muscle fibres

Question 9

extrafusal muscle fibres

Answer 9

regular muscle fibres innervated by alpha motor neurons

Question 10

muscle spindles are….

Answer 10

tonically active even when muscle is relaxed

Question 11

muscle spindle reflex

Answer 11

addition of a load stretches the muscle and spindles; creating a reflex contraction

Question 12

alpha-gamma coactivation

Answer 12

maintains spindle function when muscle contracts

Question 13

Without gamma motor neurons…

Answer 13

muscle contractions cause spindle firing rate to decrease

Question 14

golgi tendon organ

Answer 14

sensory neuron interwoven among collagen fibres; respond to muscle tension; control force within muscles and stability around joints

Question 15

reciprocal inhibition

Answer 15

contraction of one muscle and inhibition in the antagonistic muscle

Question 16

patellar tendon reflex

Answer 16

illustrates a monosynaptic stretch reflex and reciprocal inhibition

Question 17

the crossed extensor reflex

Answer 17

a flexion reflex in one limb causes extension in opposite limb (essential for maintaining balance)

Question 18

cardiac muscle is made up of…

Answer 18

short, branched, unicellular, cardiac myocytes

Question 19

T/F cardiac muscles are striated

Answer 19

T

Question 20

cardiac muscles are interconnected by..

Answer 20

intercalated disks (desmosomes, gap junctions)

Question 21

desmosomes

Answer 21

intercalated disks that link mechanically

Question 22

gap junctions

Answer 22

intercalated disks that link electrically

Question 23

Cardiac muscles have _____, but ______ T-tubules than skeletal muscles.

Answer 23

less, larger

Question 24

autorythmic cells (pacemakers)

Answer 24

generate action potentials spontaneously; beginning in the sinoatrial node

Question 25

HCN channels

Answer 25

hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated channels; only in autorythmic cells