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PHSI 208 > Neuro 8 > Flashcards

Neuro 8 Flashcards

1
Q

posterior pituitary

A

secretes neurohormones made in hypothalamus

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2
Q

Which is the largest and most distinctive part of the brain?

A

cerebrum

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3
Q

gram matter of cerebrum

A

cerebral cortex, basal ganglia, limbic system

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4
Q

cerebrum

A

area of higher processing and divided into two hemispheres and those in 4 lobes

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5
Q

corpus callosum

A

connect the two hemisphere

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6
Q

basal ganglia

A

three nuclei;globus pallid us, putamen, caudate nucleus

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7
Q

basal ganglia function

A

regulating initiation and termination of movement…. “i want to pick up that pencil”

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8
Q

limbic system

A

emotional brain; also learning and memory

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9
Q

basal ganglia receives input from….

A

cerebral cortex

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10
Q

3 components limbic system

A

cingulate gyrus, amygdala, hippocampus

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11
Q

outermost layer of cerebrum

A

cerebral cortex

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12
Q

cerebral cortex function

A

translate sensory input into perception, direct skeletal muscle movement, integrate info from sensory and motor and direct voluntary behaviour

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13
Q

Where most sensory info go to and most motor neurons come from

A

cerebral cortex

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14
Q

sulci

A

internal groove/furrow

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15
Q

gyri

A

external groove/furrow

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16
Q

each hemisphere is anatomically divided into…

A

four lobes

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17
Q

four lobes

A

frontal, parietal, occipital, temporal

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18
Q

frontal lobe

A

primary motor cortex (skeletal muscle movement)

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19
Q

prefrontal

A

are involved in distinct voluntary actions (activates basal ganglia)

20
Q

parietal lobe

A

primary somatic sensory cortex (sensation)

21
Q

occipital lobe

A

visual cortex

22
Q

temporal lobe

A

auditory cortex

23
Q

cerebral lateralization

A

distribution of functional areas in two hemispheres is not symmetrical

24
Q

left hemisphere functions

A
  • speech, language, and comprehension
  • analytic and calculations
  • time and sequencing
  • recognition of words, letters, numbers
25
Q

right hemisphere functions

A

creativity, spatial ability, context perception, recognition of faces

26
Q

sensory neuron with a transducer (receptor) converts physical stimulus into…

A

an intracellular signal/receptor potentials (change in membrane potential)

27
Q

simple receptor

A

neuron with free nerve endings; myelinated or unmyelinated

28
Q

complex receptors

A

have nerve endings enclosed

29
Q

special receptors

A

release neurotransmitter onto sensory neurons, initiating an AP

30
Q

convergents creates….

A

large receptive fields

31
Q

visceral sensory

A

info is integrated in brainstem and spinal cord

32
Q

special senses

A

have dedicated cortical regions (auditory, visual, gustatory, olfactory)

33
Q

somatic senses

A

integrated in primary somatosensory cortex

34
Q

almost all special and somatic sensory info is routed through…

A

the thalamus

35
Q

CNS distinguishes which four properties of a stimulus?

A

modality, location, intensity, duration

36
Q

modality

A

the physical stimuli being sensed, temperature vs touch receptor, and where pathway terminates in brain

37
Q

lateral inhibition can…

A

increase accuracy of localization

38
Q

Since AP amplitude is constant…

A

intensity cannot be determined by amplitude

39
Q

how to determine intensity

A

by population and frequency coding

40
Q

population coding

A

number of receptors being activated

41
Q

frequency coding

A

frequency of APs coming from those receptors

42
Q

duration

A

how long APs are being activated

43
Q

duration depends on…

A

receptor adaptation

44
Q

tonic receptors

A

slowly adapting recipes that respond for the duration of a stimulus

45
Q

phasic receptors

A

rapidly adapt to a constant stimulus and turn off

46
Q

What determines receptor potential

A

characteristics of channel or pathway generating it

PHSI 208 (64 decks)

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