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PHSI 208 > Blood > Flashcards

Blood Flashcards

1
Q

Total blood volume is ~ ___% of total body weight

A

7-8%

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2
Q

hematocrit

A

RBCs; 40-45%

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3
Q

Buffy coat

A

WBCs and platelets; 1%

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4
Q

Plasma

A

white solution of electrolytes, plasma proteins, carbs, and lipids

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5
Q

hematopoiesis

A

production of blood cells; 75% WBC, 25% RBC

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6
Q

Which have a longer lifespan….WBC or RBC?

A

red blood cells (4months)

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7
Q

cytokines

A

proteins or peptides released from one cell that affect growth of activity in another cell

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8
Q

cytokines involved in hematopoiesis

A

erythropoiesis, leukopoiesis, thrombopoiesis

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9
Q

Distinctive shape of RBCs…

A

increase surface to volume ratio

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10
Q

RBCs major tasks

A
  • carrying O2 from lungs to tissue
  • carrying CO2 from tissues to lungs
  • assisting in buffering of acids and bases
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11
Q

~96% of dry weight in RBCs consists of….

A

hemoglobin

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12
Q

A hemoglobin molecule is composed of 4 ________, each entered around a _____ group.

A

global chains, heme

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13
Q

Each heme group consists of…

A

a porphyria ring with an iron atom in the centre

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14
Q

Hemoglobin synthesis requires…

A

iron

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15
Q

2 major groups of WBCs

A

granulocytes and non-granule containing lymphocytes and monocytes

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16
Q

ganulocytes

A

contain cytoplasmic granules visualized under microscope

-brief lifespan

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17
Q

3 types of granulocytes

A

neutrophil, eosinophil, basophil

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18
Q

neutrophil

A

most abundant leukocyte, contain granules with lysosomal enzymes capable of phagocytosis

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19
Q

eosinophil

A

granules containing Major Basic Protein (MBP), which is toxic to parasites and other enzymes
-important in response to viruses and in allergic rxns

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20
Q

basophil

A

least common granulocyte, granules contain histamine, heparin, and peroxidase and play a role in allergic rxns

21
Q

2 types of non-granule containing WBCs

A

lymphocytes, monocytes

22
Q

2 types of lymphocytes

A

T-cells and B-cells

23
Q

T-cells

A

70-80% of all lymphocytes

-responsible for cell mediated immunity, does not involve antibodies

24
Q

B-cells

A

responsible for humeral immunity; make antibodies to antigens

25
Q

monocytes

A

spend life in peripheral tissues developing into macrophages

26
Q

monocytes purpose

A
  • phagocytosis of pathogen or cellular debris

- present antigens to lymphocytes

27
Q

2 special types of granules in platelets

A
  • dense core granules

- alpha granules

28
Q

dense core granules

A

contain ATP, ADP, serotonin, and calcium

29
Q

alpha granules

A

store con Willebrand factor, platelet fibrinogen, and clotting factor V

30
Q

Platelets are essential for..

A

hemostasis (blood clotting)

31
Q

3 step process of hemostasis

A
  • vasoconstriction
  • platelets aggregate into loose platelet plug
  • clot: reinforced platelet plug
32
Q

What triggers vasoconstriction?

A
  • injury to vascular smooth muscle

- release of paracrine signals from damaged endothelial cells or platelets

33
Q

Describe platelet plug formation

A
  • breach of endothelium exposes interns to collagen, fibronectin, and laminin, causing platelets to bind
  • intact endothelium release substances to prevent platelets from binding
34
Q

von willebrand factor

A

causes platelets to form molecular bridges between one another

35
Q

coagulation/clot

A

a fibrin protein mesh stabilizes the platelet plug into a clot

36
Q

After coagulation cascade, clot is a…

A

semisolid mass of platelets and fibrin with RBCs, WBCs, and serum

37
Q

Intrinsic pathway

A

surface contact pathway; factor XII converted to XIIa (activated form) to factor Xa through proteolysis

38
Q

extrinsic pathway

A

cell injury pathway; factor VII becomes activated VIIa to Xa; protease rxns accusing outside the vascular system

39
Q

common pathway

A

factor Xa produced from intrinsic and extrinsic pathway join together with factor Va and calcium to create prothrombinase

40
Q

prothrombinase converts prothrombin to ..

A

thrombin

41
Q

thrombin

A

a central protease of the coagulation cascade

-also activates factor XIII to XIIIa which assists in forming fibrin polymers into fibrin mesh

42
Q

fibrinogen

A

cleaved by thrombin to fibrin monomers

43
Q

fibrin monomers

A

spontaneously polymerize to form a gel of fibrin polymers that weaves through plug and traps blood cells

44
Q

hemophilia

A

Several diseases in which one of the factors in the coagulation cascade is defective or lacking

45
Q

Hemophilia A

A

a factor VIII deficiency

-most common, 80%

46
Q

Mehophilia B

A

factor IX deficiency

47
Q

prostacyclin and NO prevent ..

A

platelet binding

48
Q

anticoagulants

A

antithrombin II, thrombomodulin, protein S and C

49
Q

fibrinolysis

A
  • breakdown of blood clots

- conversion of fibrinogen into fibrin, and subsequent fibrinolysis

PHSI 208 (64 decks)

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