Renal 1

Question 1

Diabetes historically known as…

Answer 1

honey-urine disease

Question 2

Most important function of the kidney

Answer 2

homeostatic regulation of water and ion content of the blood

Question 3

kidney functions

Answer 3

• regulation of extracellular fluid volume and blood pressure
• regulation of osmolarity
• maintenance of ion balance
• homeostatic regulation of pH
• excretion of wastes
• production of hormones

Question 4

Parts of the urinary system

Answer 4

• kidneys
• ureter
• urinary bladder
• urethra

Question 5

The kidneys are located…

Answer 5

retroperitoneally at the level of the lower ribs

Question 6

Kidneys receive _________ of cardiac output

Answer 6

20%-25%

Question 7

The kidney is divided into…

Answer 7

an outer cortex and an inner medulla

Question 8

Urine leaving the nephrons flow into the,…

Answer 8

renal pelvis

Question 9

nephrons

Answer 9

the functional unit of the kidneys

Question 10

Nephrons are divided into/made up of…?

Answer 10

80% cortical nephrons, 20% juxtamedullary nephrons

Question 11

Vascular pathway of blood through the renal system

Answer 11

Renal artery>afferent arterioles>glomerulus (capillaries)>efferent
arterioles>peritubular capillaries>renal veins

Question 12

Renal arteries take blood to …

Answer 12

the cortex

Question 13

afferent arterioles and glomeruli are found…

Answer 13

the cortex

Question 14

one nephron contains…

Answer 14

two arterioles (afferent and efferent) and two capillaries (glomerulus and peritubular)

Question 15

The cortex contains….

Answer 15

all Bowman’s capsules, proximal and distal tubules

Question 16

the medulla contains..

Answer 16

loops of Henle and collecting ducts

Question 17

The capillaries of the glomerulus form…

Answer 17

a ball-like mass

Question 18

Tubular components of the renal system in order

Answer 18

Bowman’s Capsule> proximal tubule>descending loop of Henle>ascending loop of Henle>distal tubule>collecting duct

Question 19

The four processes of the kidney are…

Answer 19

filtration, reabsorption, secretion, excretion

Question 20

filtration

Answer 20

bulk flow movement from blood to lumen

Question 21

reabsorption

Answer 21

from lumen to blood

Question 22

secretion

Answer 22

from blood to lumen

Question 23

excretion

Answer 23

from lumen to outside of body (waste)

Question 24

Approximately ____ L of plasma is filtered at the glomeruli every day. Of which, ____ is reabsorbed and ____ is excreted.

Answer 24

180L, >99%, ~1.5L/day

Question 25

70% of reabsorption occurs in…

Answer 25

the proximal tubule

Question 26

loop of henle

Answer 26

responsible for creating dilute urine

Question 27

distal tubule and collecting duct

Answer 27

regulate salt and water balance under control of hormones

Question 28

T/F: Final volume and osmolarity of urine excreted is constant.

Answer 28

False; it varies

Question 29

The urinary excretion of a substance depends on the..

Answer 29

filtration. reabsorption, and secretion

Question 30

amount of solute excreted=

Answer 30

amount filtered-amount reabsorbed+amount secreted

Question 31

T/F: Not all substances in plasma undergo filtration and/or reabsorption and/or secretion

Answer 31

TRUUUU

Question 32

first step in urine formation

Answer 32

Filtration of plasma from the glomerular capillaries into the kidney tubules

Question 33

During filtration, what remains in the blood?

Answer 33

RBC’s and plasma proteins

Question 34

What makes up filtrate?

Answer 34

plasma and dissolved solutes

Question 35

Of all the plasma that enters into the Bowman’s capsule, only ____% is filtered, ____% continues on to the peritubular capillaries

Answer 35

20, 80

Question 36

filtration fraction

Answer 36

the 20% of the plasma that is filtered