Renal 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Diabetes historically known as…

A

honey-urine disease

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2
Q

Most important function of the kidney

A

homeostatic regulation of water and ion content of the blood

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3
Q

kidney functions

A
  • regulation of extracellular fluid volume and blood pressure
  • regulation of osmolarity
  • maintenance of ion balance
  • homeostatic regulation of pH
  • excretion of wastes
  • production of hormones
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4
Q

Parts of the urinary system

A
  • kidneys
  • ureter
  • urinary bladder
  • urethra
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5
Q

The kidneys are located…

A

retroperitoneally at the level of the lower ribs

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6
Q

Kidneys receive _________ of cardiac output

A

20%-25%

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7
Q

The kidney is divided into…

A

an outer cortex and an inner medulla

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8
Q

Urine leaving the nephrons flow into the,…

A

renal pelvis

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9
Q

nephrons

A

the functional unit of the kidneys

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10
Q

Nephrons are divided into/made up of…?

A

80% cortical nephrons, 20% juxtamedullary nephrons

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11
Q

Vascular pathway of blood through the renal system

A

Renal artery>afferent arterioles>glomerulus (capillaries)>efferent
arterioles>peritubular capillaries>renal veins

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12
Q

Renal arteries take blood to …

A

the cortex

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13
Q

afferent arterioles and glomeruli are found…

A

the cortex

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14
Q

one nephron contains…

A

two arterioles (afferent and efferent) and two capillaries (glomerulus and peritubular)

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15
Q

The cortex contains….

A

all Bowman’s capsules, proximal and distal tubules

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16
Q

the medulla contains..

A

loops of Henle and collecting ducts

17
Q

The capillaries of the glomerulus form…

A

a ball-like mass

18
Q

Tubular components of the renal system in order

A

Bowman’s Capsule> proximal tubule>descending loop of Henle>ascending loop of Henle>distal tubule>collecting duct

19
Q

The four processes of the kidney are…

A

filtration, reabsorption, secretion, excretion

20
Q

filtration

A

bulk flow movement from blood to lumen

21
Q

reabsorption

A

from lumen to blood

22
Q

secretion

A

from blood to lumen

23
Q

excretion

A

from lumen to outside of body (waste)

24
Q

Approximately ____ L of plasma is filtered at the glomeruli every day. Of which, ____ is reabsorbed and ____ is excreted.

A

180L, >99%, ~1.5L/day

25
70% of reabsorption occurs in...
the proximal tubule
26
loop of henle
responsible for creating dilute urine
27
distal tubule and collecting duct
regulate salt and water balance under control of hormones
28
T/F: Final volume and osmolarity of urine excreted is constant.
False; it varies
29
The urinary excretion of a substance depends on the..
filtration. reabsorption, and secretion
30
amount of solute excreted=
amount filtered-amount reabsorbed+amount secreted
31
T/F: Not all substances in plasma undergo filtration and/or reabsorption and/or secretion
TRUUUU
32
first step in urine formation
Filtration of plasma from the glomerular capillaries into the kidney tubules
33
During filtration, what remains in the blood?
RBC's and plasma proteins
34
What makes up filtrate?
plasma and dissolved solutes
35
Of all the plasma that enters into the Bowman’s capsule, only ____% is filtered, ____% continues on to the peritubular capillaries
20, 80
36
filtration fraction
the 20% of the plasma that is filtered