Renal 1 Flashcards
Diabetes historically known as…
honey-urine disease
Most important function of the kidney
homeostatic regulation of water and ion content of the blood
kidney functions
- regulation of extracellular fluid volume and blood pressure
- regulation of osmolarity
- maintenance of ion balance
- homeostatic regulation of pH
- excretion of wastes
- production of hormones
Parts of the urinary system
- kidneys
- ureter
- urinary bladder
- urethra
The kidneys are located…
retroperitoneally at the level of the lower ribs
Kidneys receive _________ of cardiac output
20%-25%
The kidney is divided into…
an outer cortex and an inner medulla
Urine leaving the nephrons flow into the,…
renal pelvis
nephrons
the functional unit of the kidneys
Nephrons are divided into/made up of…?
80% cortical nephrons, 20% juxtamedullary nephrons
Vascular pathway of blood through the renal system
Renal artery>afferent arterioles>glomerulus (capillaries)>efferent
arterioles>peritubular capillaries>renal veins
Renal arteries take blood to …
the cortex
afferent arterioles and glomeruli are found…
the cortex
one nephron contains…
two arterioles (afferent and efferent) and two capillaries (glomerulus and peritubular)
The cortex contains….
all Bowman’s capsules, proximal and distal tubules
the medulla contains..
loops of Henle and collecting ducts
The capillaries of the glomerulus form…
a ball-like mass
Tubular components of the renal system in order
Bowman’s Capsule> proximal tubule>descending loop of Henle>ascending loop of Henle>distal tubule>collecting duct
The four processes of the kidney are…
filtration, reabsorption, secretion, excretion
filtration
bulk flow movement from blood to lumen
reabsorption
from lumen to blood
secretion
from blood to lumen
excretion
from lumen to outside of body (waste)
Approximately ____ L of plasma is filtered at the glomeruli every day. Of which, ____ is reabsorbed and ____ is excreted.
180L, >99%, ~1.5L/day
70% of reabsorption occurs in…
the proximal tubule
loop of henle
responsible for creating dilute urine
distal tubule and collecting duct
regulate salt and water balance under control of hormones
T/F: Final volume and osmolarity of urine excreted is constant.
False; it varies
The urinary excretion of a substance depends on the..
filtration. reabsorption, and secretion
amount of solute excreted=
amount filtered-amount reabsorbed+amount secreted
T/F: Not all substances in plasma undergo filtration and/or reabsorption and/or secretion
TRUUUU
first step in urine formation
Filtration of plasma from the glomerular capillaries into the kidney tubules
During filtration, what remains in the blood?
RBC’s and plasma proteins
What makes up filtrate?
plasma and dissolved solutes
Of all the plasma that enters into the Bowman’s capsule, only ____% is filtered, ____% continues on to the peritubular capillaries
20, 80
filtration fraction
the 20% of the plasma that is filtered
