Lecture 1

Question 1

physiology

Answer 1

study of normal functioning of living organism including all its chemical and physical processes

Question 2

physiology is an….. science

Answer 2

integrative

Question 3

emergent properties

Answer 3

properties of a system that can’t be explained by knowledge of individual components but the complex, nonlinear interactions

Question 4

physiology is closely tied to…

Answer 4

anatomy

Question 5

levels of organization

Answer 5

molecules, cells, tissue, organ, organ system

Question 6

functional

Answer 6

“why” - considered a teleological approach

Question 7

mechanism

Answer 7

“how” - considered a mechanistic approach

Question 8

Physiology often focuses on which approach?

Answer 8

mechanistic

Question 9

homestasis

Answer 9

ability to maintain a stable internal environment

Question 10

What are key principles in physiology?

Answer 10

homeostasis and regulation of the internal environment

Question 11

Who coined the term homeostasis?

Answer 11

Walter Cannon, 1929

Question 12

What is considered the internal environment?

Answer 12

Extracellular Fluid (ECF)

Question 13

extra cellular fluid

Answer 13

surrounds cells and is a buffer between cells and external environment

Question 14

dynamic steady state

Answer 14

materials constantly moving back and forth; stable disequilibrium

Question 15

homeostasis depends on…

Answer 15

mass balance

Question 16

law of mass balance

Answer 16

amount of a substance in body is to remain constant - any gain must be offset by an equal loss

Question 17

Maintaining ECF will result in maintenance on…

Answer 17

ICF

Question 18

Regulated variables kept within a normal range by…

Answer 18

control mechanisms

Question 19

local control systems

Answer 19

restricted to tissues or cells involved

Question 20

reflex control systems

Answer 20

changes widespread throughout body and refers to any long distance pathway that uses the nervous, and/or endocrine system

Question 21

reflex control is broken down into what two parts?

Answer 21

response loop and feedback loop

Question 22

response loop

Answer 22

stimulus, sensor, input signal, integrating centre, output signal, target, response

Question 23

feedback loop

Answer 23

modulates response loop

-influence the input

Question 24

anatgonistic

Answer 24

mechanisms that increase when too low and decrease when too high

Question 25

negative feedback loops

Answer 25

response opposes or removes signal; stabilizes; homeostatic; insulin secreted when blood glucose is high

Question 26

positive feedback loops

Answer 26

response reinforces stimulus, sending variable farther from set point; require intervention; not homeostatic; labor

Question 27

feedforward control

Answer 27

allow body to predict a change is about to occur; hungry (see food)

Question 28

biorhythms

Answer 28

variables that change predictably and create repeating patterns of cycles of changes

Question 29

biorhythms

Answer 29

variables that change predictably and create repeating patterns of cycles of changes