Cardio 7

Question 1

distribution of blood to tissues is based on..

Answer 1

amount and size of arteries

Question 2

total blood flow through all arterioles =

Answer 2

cardiac output

Question 3

flow for each arteriole depends on…

Answer 3

resistance

Question 4

main integrating center for reflex control and distribution of blood

Answer 4

medullary cardiovascular control centre (CVCC)

Question 5

CVCC

Answer 5

ensures adequate blood flow to brain and heart by maintaining mean arterial pressure

Question 6

baroreceptor reflex

Answer 6

primary reflex pathway for homeostatic control of mean arterial blood pressure

Question 7

baroreceptors found on..

Answer 7

aorta and on carotid artery

Question 8

peripheral chemoreceptors

Answer 8

located on aortic arch and carotid artery; sense alterations in blood/gas conc. and changes in blood pH

Question 9

peripheral chemoreceptors activation..

Answer 9

changes ventilation within respiratory system

Question 10

vasovagal syncope

Answer 10

fainting in response to sight of blood, phlebotomy; the combination of decreased CO and decreased peripheral resistance cause a large fall in mean arterial pressure

Question 11

3 TYPES OF CAPILLARIES

Answer 11

CONTINUOUS, FENESTRATED, SINUSOIDAL (DISCONTINUOUS)

Question 12

capillary exchange occurs via…

Answer 12

diffusion (trans or paracellular) or transcytosis

Question 13

bulk flow

Answer 13

mass movement of fluid as the result of hydrostatic or osmotic pressure gradients.

Question 14

absorption

Answer 14

if bulk flow is resulting in fluid moving into the capillaries

Question 15

filtration

Answer 15

f bulk flow is resulting in the movement of fluid out of the capillaries

Question 16

hydrostatic pressure

Answer 16

the pressure in the blood vessels drives fluid out of the capillaries through pores and leaky cell junctions (filtration)

Question 17

colloid osmotic pressure or oncotic pressure (pi)

Answer 17

the pressure that draws fluid into the capillaries is the pressure created by plasma proteins in the blood

Question 18

oncotic pressure

Answer 18

osmotic pressure created by proteins

Question 19

net pressure

Answer 19

hydrostatic pressure - colloid osmotic pressure

Question 20

positive net pressure

Answer 20

indicates filtration

Question 21

negative net pressure

Answer 21

indicates absorption

Question 22

lymphatic vessels

Answer 22

assists cardiovascular system with returning fluid and proteins lost through capillaries

Question 23

lymphatic vessels are made of..

Answer 23

single endothelial cell layer

Question 24

lymphatic vessels contain..

Answer 24

• large inter endothelial junctions that act as one way valves
• nodes that contain immune cells

Question 25

expansion phase of lymphatics

Answer 25

the interstitial hydrostatic pressure is higher than inside the lymphatic causing the microvalves to open and fluid to flow in

Question 26

compression phase

Answer 26

lymphatic hydrostatic pressure exceeds interstitial, the microvalves close and the secondary valves open.

Question 27

edema

Answer 27

an abnormal accumulation of fluid in interstitial space

Question 28

causes of edema

Answer 28

1. inadequate lymph drainage

2. disruption in normal balance between capillary filtration and absorption

Question 29

disruption in normal balance between capillary filtration and absorption caused by..

Answer 29

1. increased capillary hydrostatic pressure (heart failure)
2. decrease in plasma protein conc. (malnutrition, liver failure)
3. increase in interstitial proteins (excessive leakage of proteins out of capillaries)