Cardio 7 Flashcards

1
Q

distribution of blood to tissues is based on..

A

amount and size of arteries

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2
Q

total blood flow through all arterioles =

A

cardiac output

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3
Q

flow for each arteriole depends on…

A

resistance

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4
Q

main integrating center for reflex control and distribution of blood

A

medullary cardiovascular control centre (CVCC)

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5
Q

CVCC

A

ensures adequate blood flow to brain and heart by maintaining mean arterial pressure

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6
Q

baroreceptor reflex

A

primary reflex pathway for homeostatic control of mean arterial blood pressure

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7
Q

baroreceptors found on..

A

aorta and on carotid artery

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8
Q

peripheral chemoreceptors

A

located on aortic arch and carotid artery; sense alterations in blood/gas conc. and changes in blood pH

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9
Q

peripheral chemoreceptors activation..

A

changes ventilation within respiratory system

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10
Q

vasovagal syncope

A

fainting in response to sight of blood, phlebotomy; the combination of decreased CO and decreased peripheral resistance cause a large fall in mean arterial pressure

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11
Q

3 TYPES OF CAPILLARIES

A

CONTINUOUS, FENESTRATED, SINUSOIDAL (DISCONTINUOUS)

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12
Q

capillary exchange occurs via…

A

diffusion (trans or paracellular) or transcytosis

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13
Q

bulk flow

A

mass movement of fluid as the result of hydrostatic or osmotic pressure gradients.

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14
Q

absorption

A

if bulk flow is resulting in fluid moving into the capillaries

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15
Q

filtration

A

f bulk flow is resulting in the movement of fluid out of the capillaries

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16
Q

hydrostatic pressure

A

the pressure in the blood vessels drives fluid out of the capillaries through pores and leaky cell junctions (filtration)

17
Q

colloid osmotic pressure or oncotic pressure (pi)

A

the pressure that draws fluid into the capillaries is the pressure created by plasma proteins in the blood

18
Q

oncotic pressure

A

osmotic pressure created by proteins

19
Q

net pressure

A

hydrostatic pressure - colloid osmotic pressure

20
Q

positive net pressure

A

indicates filtration

21
Q

negative net pressure

A

indicates absorption

22
Q

lymphatic vessels

A

assists cardiovascular system with returning fluid and proteins lost through capillaries

23
Q

lymphatic vessels are made of..

A

single endothelial cell layer

24
Q

lymphatic vessels contain..

A
  • large inter endothelial junctions that act as one way valves
  • nodes that contain immune cells
25
expansion phase of lymphatics
the interstitial hydrostatic pressure is higher than inside the lymphatic causing the microvalves to open and fluid to flow in
26
compression phase
lymphatic hydrostatic pressure exceeds interstitial, the microvalves close and the secondary valves open.
27
edema
an abnormal accumulation of fluid in interstitial space
28
causes of edema
1. inadequate lymph drainage | 2. disruption in normal balance between capillary filtration and absorption
29
disruption in normal balance between capillary filtration and absorption caused by..
1. increased capillary hydrostatic pressure (heart failure) 2. decrease in plasma protein conc. (malnutrition, liver failure) 3. increase in interstitial proteins (excessive leakage of proteins out of capillaries)