GI 1 Flashcards

1
Q

primary functions

A

move nutrients, water, and electrolytes from external environment into body’s internal environment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

___% of health care costs are related to GI system.

A

10

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Digestion begins in the mouth with ___________ and the addition of _______.

A

mastication, saliva

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the 3 salivary glands

A
  • parotid
  • sublingual
  • submandibular
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Functions of salivary glands

A
  • moisten and lubricate food
  • amylase partially digests polysaccharide
  • dissolve some food molecules (taste)
  • lysozyme kills bacteria
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Does any digestion occur in the esophagus?

A

NOOOO

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

top 1/3 of the esophageal wall is…

A

skeletal muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

bottom 2/3 of the esophageal wall is…

A

smooth muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How does food move through the esophagus?

A

via peristaltic waves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

chyme

A

food mixed with acid and enzymes YUM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

rugae

A

surface folding in the stomach to increase surface area

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

majority of digestion takes place in the…

A

small intestine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

3 parts of small intestine

A
  • duodenum (first 25 cm)
  • jejunum
  • ileum
  • (j+i make up the rest, 260cm)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

______ and _________ release exocrine secretions into the __________.

A

liver, pancrease, duodenum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

the large intestine is also known as the….

A

colon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How long is the large intestine?

17
Q

4 parts of the large intestine

A
  • ascending colon
  • transverse colon
  • descending colon
  • sigmoid colon
18
Q

____ of watery chyme pass into the large intestine each day.

19
Q

Water and electrolytes are removed in the large intestine to create…

A

semisolid feces

20
Q

defecation reflex

A

when faces enter the rectum

21
Q

what are the GI layers

A
  • mucosa
  • submucosa
  • muscularis externa
  • serosa
22
Q

Neurons of the enteric nervous system are collected into two types of ganglia:

A

submucosal (in submucosa) and myenteric (in muscular externa)

23
Q

In the stomach, surface area is increased by…

A

gastric glands –> rugae

24
Q

In the intestine, surface area is enhanced by….

A

villi and crypts

25
3 parts of mucosa
- epithelium - lamina propria - muscularis mucosae
26
columnar epithelium
absorbs nutrients
27
enteroendocrine cells
secrete hormones
28
Epithelium junctions in stomach and colon are ____, but _____ in the small intestine.
tight, leaky
29
lamina propria
-subepithelial tissue containing nerve fibres, small blood vessels and lymph vessels
30
muscularis mucosae
-thin layer of smooth muscle that can alter the surface area available for absorption
31
submucosa
middle distensible layer containing larger vessels, the submucosal plexus; one of major nerve networks in enteric nervous system
32
muscular externa
two layers of smooth muscle (circular and longitudinal) and myenteric plexus
33
serosa
outer covering of connective tissue that is a continuation of peritoneal membrane
34
4 digestive function and processes
- digestion - secretion - absorption - motility
35
digestion
chemical and mechanical breakdown of food into absorbable units
36
secretion
movement of material from cells into lumen or ECF, or from ECF to lumen
37
absorption
movement of material from GI lumen to ECF
38
motility
movement of material through the GI tract as a result of muscle contraction
39
challenges of the digestive system
- avoiding autodigestion | - defense