GI 1

Question 1

primary functions

Answer 1

move nutrients, water, and electrolytes from external environment into body’s internal environment

Question 2

___% of health care costs are related to GI system.

Answer 2

10

Question 3

Digestion begins in the mouth with ___________ and the addition of _______.

Answer 3

mastication, saliva

Question 4

What are the 3 salivary glands

Answer 4

• parotid
• sublingual
• submandibular

Question 5

Functions of salivary glands

Answer 5

• moisten and lubricate food
• amylase partially digests polysaccharide
• dissolve some food molecules (taste)
• lysozyme kills bacteria

Question 6

Does any digestion occur in the esophagus?

Answer 6

NOOOO

Question 7

top 1/3 of the esophageal wall is…

Answer 7

skeletal muscle

Question 8

bottom 2/3 of the esophageal wall is…

Answer 8

smooth muscle

Question 9

How does food move through the esophagus?

Answer 9

via peristaltic waves

Question 10

chyme

Answer 10

food mixed with acid and enzymes YUM

Question 11

rugae

Answer 11

surface folding in the stomach to increase surface area

Question 12

majority of digestion takes place in the…

Answer 12

small intestine

Question 13

3 parts of small intestine

Answer 13

• duodenum (first 25 cm)
• jejunum
• ileum
• (j+i make up the rest, 260cm)

Question 14

______ and _________ release exocrine secretions into the __________.

Answer 14

liver, pancrease, duodenum

Question 15

the large intestine is also known as the….

Answer 15

colon

Question 16

How long is the large intestine?

Answer 16

~150cm

Question 17

4 parts of the large intestine

Answer 17

• ascending colon
• transverse colon
• descending colon
• sigmoid colon

Question 18

____ of watery chyme pass into the large intestine each day.

Answer 18

1.5L

Question 19

Water and electrolytes are removed in the large intestine to create…

Answer 19

semisolid feces

Question 20

defecation reflex

Answer 20

when faces enter the rectum

Question 21

what are the GI layers

Answer 21

• mucosa
• submucosa
• muscularis externa
• serosa

Question 22

Neurons of the enteric nervous system are collected into two types of ganglia:

Answer 22

submucosal (in submucosa) and myenteric (in muscular externa)

Question 23

In the stomach, surface area is increased by…

Answer 23

gastric glands –> rugae

Question 24

In the intestine, surface area is enhanced by….

Answer 24

villi and crypts

Question 25

3 parts of mucosa

Answer 25

• epithelium
• lamina propria
• muscularis mucosae

Question 26

columnar epithelium

Answer 26

absorbs nutrients

Question 27

enteroendocrine cells

Answer 27

secrete hormones

Question 28

Epithelium junctions in stomach and colon are ____, but _____ in the small intestine.

Answer 28

tight, leaky

Question 29

lamina propria

Answer 29

-subepithelial tissue containing nerve fibres, small blood vessels and lymph vessels

Question 30

muscularis mucosae

Answer 30

-thin layer of smooth muscle that can alter the surface area available for absorption

Question 31

submucosa

Answer 31

middle distensible layer containing larger vessels, the submucosal plexus; one of major nerve networks in enteric nervous system

Question 32

muscular externa

Answer 32

two layers of smooth muscle (circular and longitudinal) and myenteric plexus

Question 33

serosa

Answer 33

outer covering of connective tissue that is a continuation of peritoneal membrane

Question 34

4 digestive function and processes

Answer 34

• digestion
• secretion
• absorption
• motility

Question 35

digestion

Answer 35

chemical and mechanical breakdown of food into absorbable units

Question 36

secretion

Answer 36

movement of material from cells into lumen or ECF, or from ECF to lumen

Question 37

absorption

Answer 37

movement of material from GI lumen to ECF

Question 38

motility

Answer 38

movement of material through the GI tract as a result of muscle contraction

Question 39

challenges of the digestive system

Answer 39

• avoiding autodigestion

- defense