Pharm 9 Flashcards
Benzodiazepine with useful relaxant effects in skeletal muscle spasticity of central origin
Diazepam
Benzodiazepine that has efficacy against absence seizures and in anxiety states, such as agoraphobia
Clonazepam
Benzodiazepines that are the most effective in the treatment of panic disorder
Alprazolam and Clonazepam
Benzodiazepine that is used for anesthesia
Midazolam
DOC for status epilepticus
Diazepam
Longer acting benzodiazepines used in the management of withdrawal states of alcohol and other drugs
Chlordiazepoxide and Diazepam
Benzos having active metabolites, long half lives, and a high incidence of adverse effects
Diazepam, Flurazepam, chlordiazepoxide, and clorazepate
Barbiturates may precipitate this hematologic condition
Acute intermittent porphyria
Barbiturates decrease the effectiveness of many other drugs via this pharmacokinetics property
Liver enzyme INDUCTION
Barbiturates MOA
Increase the DURATION of GABA-mediated chloride ion channels
Barbiturate used for the induction of anesthesia
Thiopental
Important drug interaction with chloral hydrate
May displace coumadin from plasma proteins
Site of action for zaleplon and zolpidem
Benzodiazepine receptor BZ1 (although are not considered benzodiazepines)
Good hypnotic activity with less CNS SE than most benzodiazepines
Zolpidem, zaleplon
Agent that is a partial agonist for the 5-HT1A receptor
Buspirone
DOC for generalized anxiety disorder, NOT effective in acute anxiety
Buspirone
Rate limiting step of alcohol metabolism
Aldehyde dehydrogenase
Agent that metabolizes acetaldehyde to acetate
Aldehyde dehydrogenase
Agents that inhibit aldehyde dehydrogenase
Disulfiram, metronidazole, certain sulfonylureas and cephalosporins
Agent used in the treatment of alcoholism, if alcohol is consumed concurrently, acetaldehyde builds up and results in nausea, headache, flushing, and hypotension
Disulfiram
Agent that competes for alcohol dehydrogenase in the case of methanol overdose
Ethanol
Drug that inhibits alcohol dehydrogenase and is used in ethylene glycol exposure
Fomepizole
MOA for Phenytoin, Carbamazepine, Lamotrigine
Sodium blockade
MOA for benzodiazepines and barbiturates
GABA Cl- channels
Benzos - inc FREQUENCY
Barbs - inc duration
MOA for Ethosuximide
Blocks Calcium channels
DOC - Absence seizures
MOA for Valproic acid at high doses
Affect calcium, potassium, and sodium channels
DOC for febrile seizures
Phenobarbital
Inhalant anesthetics
NO, chloroform, and diethyl ether
Toxic to the liver, kidney, lungs, bone marrow, peripheral nerves, and cause brain damage in animals, sudden death has occurred following inhalation
Fluorocarbons and Industrial solvents
Inhalant that causes dizziness, tachycardia, hypotension, and flushing
Organic nitrites
Causes acne, premature closure of epiphyses, masculinization in females, hepatic dysfunction, MI, and increases in libido and aggression
Steroids
