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Step 1 > Pharm 5 > Flashcards

Pharm 5 Flashcards

2
Q

Anti-androgen used for hirsutism in females

A

Cyproterone acetate

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3
Q

Alpha cells in the pancreas

A

Produce glucagon

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4
Q

Beta cells in the pancreas

A

Produce insulin

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5
Q

Beta cells are found

A

Islets of Langerhans - centrally

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6
Q

Delta cells in the pancreas

A

Produce Somatostatin

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7
Q

Endogenous insulin

A

Normal C-peptide

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8
Q

Very rapid acting insulin, having fastest onset and shortest duration of action

A

Lispro & Aspart

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9
Q

Short acting, crystalline zinc insulin used to reverse acute hyperglycemia

A

Regular (Humulin R)

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10
Q

Ultra long acting insulin, has over a day duration of action

A

Glargine (Lantus)

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11
Q

Major SE of insulin

A

Hypoglycemia

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12
Q

Transporter of glucose –> liver for glycogen synthesis

A

GLUT 2

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13
Q

Transporter of glucose –> muscle and adipose –> TG storage and activation of LPL

A

GLUT 4

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14
Q

Examples of alpha-glucosidase inhibitors (AGI)

A

Acarbose, miglitol

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15
Q

MOA of AGI’s

A

Inhibit brush border enzyme in intestine–> delay absorption of glucose –> dec post-prandial hyperglycemia

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16
Q

SE of AGI’s

A

Flatulence (do not use beano to tx), diarrhea, abdominal cramps

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17
Q

Alpha-glucosidase inhibitor associated with elevation of LFT’s

A

Acarbose

18
Q

MOA of nateglinide

A

Closes K+ channel –> rapid and transient insulin release

19
Q

Biguanide

A

Metformin

20
Q

Drugs available in combination with metformin

A

Acroplus Met progutazone and metformin, Janumet and Janumet XR Sitagliptin and Metformin, Glyburide, glipizide, and rosiglitazone

21
Q

MOA of metformin

A

Decreases hepatic glucose production and intestinal glucose absorption; increase insulin sensitivity

Weight loss*

22
Q

Most important potential SE of metformin

A

Lactic acidosis = CI in renal failure

Can also exacerbate CHF

23
Q

Meglitinides

A

Repaglinide

Nateglinide

24
Q

MOA of repaglinide

A

Short acting insulin analogue –> Insulin release from pancreas

Faster and shorter acting than sulfonylurea
Less hypoglycemia than metformin

25
Q

First generation sulfonylurea

A

Chlorpropamide, tolbutamide, tolazamide, etc.

26
Q

Second generation sulfonylurea

A

Glyburide, glipizide, glimepiride, etc.

27
Q

MOA of sulfonylureas

A

Close K+ channel –> Depolarization –> Ca influx –> insulin release

28
Q

Common SE of sulfonylureas, repaglinide, and nateglinide

A

Hypoglycemia

29
Q

Sulfonylurea NOT recommended for elderly because of very long half life

A

Chlorpropamide

30
Q

Thiazolidinediones

A

Pioglitazone, Rosiglitazone, Troglitazone (withdrawn/d from market)

31
Q

Reason troglitazone was withdrawn from market

A

Hepatic toxicity

Step 1 (58 decks)

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