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Step 1 > Neuro 3 > Flashcards

Neuro 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Signs of injury to corticospinal tract in spinal cord?

A

UMN signs below lesion

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2
Q

Signs of injury to anterior horn of spinal cord?

A

LMN signs at level

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3
Q

Signs of injury to posterior columns?

A

IL loss of discriminitive touch, proprioception and vibration

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4
Q

Signs of injury to spinothalamic tract?

A

CL loss of pain and temperature

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5
Q

Signs of intramedullary tumor/central cord syndrome?

A

sensory loss, sacral sparring of motor function; maybe bowel/bladder disturbances

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6
Q

Deficits in anterior spinal syndrome?

A

UMN signs below lesion, LMN signs at level, loss of pain and temp below lesion, disc touch, proprioception and vibration intact

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7
Q

Deficits in tabes dorsalis?

A

loss of disc touch, proprioception and vibration below lesion, Romberg sign

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8
Q

Deficits in Brown-Sequard injury?

A

IL loss of discriminitive touch, CL loss of pain/temp, UMN signs below lesion, LMN signs at level

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9
Q

Deficits in Friedreich’s ataxia?

A

loss of disc touch, proprioception and vibration below lesion, Romberg sign, ataxia and UMN signs below lesion

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10
Q

Deficits in subacute combined degenration?

A

B12 deficiency; loss of disc touch, proprioception and vibration below lesion, UMN signs below lesion

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11
Q

Signs of conus medullaris syndrome?

A

sudden, bilateral onset; decrease calcaneal reflex, perianal sensory loss, impotence, urinary and fecal incontinence

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12
Q

Signs of cauda equina syndrome?

A

gradual, unilateral onset, calcaneal and patellar reflexes decreased, saddle sensory loss

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13
Q

Signs of tethered cord syndrome?

A

commonly associated with spina bifida, pain, weakness, sexual dysfunction

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14
Q

Signs of spinal cord transection at C6?

A

LMN signs at C6 (brachioradialis), UMN signs below; complete sensory loss below C6

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15
Q

Signs of spinal cord transection at L4?

A

LMN signs at L4 (quads), UMN signs below; complete sensory loss below L4

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16
Q

Deficits in medial medullary syndrome?

A

CL loss of discriminitive rouch, CL UMN signs, tongue deviates to lesion on protrusion (w/ fasciculations)

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17
Q

Artery involved in medial medullary syndrome?

A

alternating branches of anterior spinal artery

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18
Q

Deficits in lateral medullary syndrome?

A

IL loss of pain and temp on face, CL loss of pain and temp on body, dysphagia, hoarseness

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19
Q

Artery involved in lateral medullary syndrome?

A

PICA

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20
Q

Deficits in medial pontine syndrome?

A

CL loss of discriminitive rouch, CL UMN signs, IL CN VI palsy + INO maybe 1 1/2 syndrome

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21
Q

Artery involved in medial pontine syndrome?

A

basilar, paramedian branches

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22
Q

Deficits in lateral pontine syndrome?

A

IL loss of pain and temp on face, CL loss of pain and temp on body, CN VII or V palsy

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23
Q

Artery involved in lateral pontine syndrome?

A

basilar, circumferential branches

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24
Q

Deficits in Weber syndrome?

A

IL CN III palsy, CL UMN sign, CL lower facial paralysis

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25
Q

Deficits in Benedikt syndrome?

A

IL CN III palsy, CL ataxia [superior cerebellar peduncle]

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26
Q

Deficits in Claude syndrome?

A

IL CN III palsy, CL UMN sign, CL lower facial paralysis, CL ataxia

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27
Q

Arteries involved in midbrain syndromes?

A

paramedian branches from PCA

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28
Q

What signs/symptoms are characteristic of cortical injury?

A

aphasia, agnosia, anosognosia, primitive reflexes: grasp, snout, suck, root, magnetic gate, astereognosia, apraxia, contralateral neglect

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29
Q

Deficits in left inferior division MCA stroke?

A

receptive aphasia, CL homonymous hemianopsia

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30
Q

Deficits in left superior division MCA stroke?

A

expressive aphasia, CL UMN signs [face + UL], CL sensory loss [face + UL]

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31
Q

Deficits in right MCA main stem stroke?

A

CL UMN signs [face, UL + LL], CL sensory loss [face, UL + LL]

32
Q

Deficits in left PCA stroke?

A

CL homonymous hemianopsia with macular sparring

33
Q

Deficits in left ACA stroke?

A

CL UMN signs [LL], frontal lobe signs

34
Q

Deficits in Parinaud syndrome?

A

vertical gaze palsy, obstructuve hydrocephalus

35
Q

Deficits in anterior choroidal artery stroke?

A

CL UMN signs, CL homonymous hemianopsia

36
Q

Deficits in lentriculostriate artery hemorrhage?

A

CL UMN signs, CL lower facial paralysis, tongue deviates away from lesion

37
Q

Strokes that can lead to Horner syndrome?

A

lateral medullary, cervical spinal cord

38
Q

Blood supply to thalamus?

A

posterior cerebral [thalamogeniculate + thalamoperforating]

39
Q

Signs of thalamic hemorrhage?

A

CL sensory loss, CL homonymous hemianopsia

40
Q

Signs of tonsillar herniation?

A

respiratory and cardiovascular arrest

41
Q

Signs of uncal herniation?

A

CN III palsy, UMN signs, papilledema

42
Q

Structure injured in contralateral neglect?

A

right parietal lobe

43
Q

Signs of Gerstman’s syndrome?

A

acalulia, left-right confusion, finger agnosia; left parietal lobe

44
Q

Structure damaged in alexia without agraphia?

A

left splenium of corpus callosum

45
Q

Where is Broca’s area? Function?

A

left inferior frontal gyrus; expressive speech

46
Q

Where is Wernicke’s area? Function?

A

left supramarginal, angular, superior temporal gyri; receptive speech

47
Q

Signs of conduction aphasia?

A

normal comprehension and fluent speech; impaired repetition

48
Q

Cause of Cushing’s disease?

A

ACTH-secreting pituitary adenoma

49
Q

Signs of LH or FSH secreting adenoma?

A

hypogonadism and infertility

50
Q

Signs of prolactin-secreting adenoma?

A

amenorrhea in females; hypogonadism in men; galactorrhea, infertility, hair loss, decreased libido, weight gain

51
Q

Signs of diabetes insipidus?

A

polyuria, polydipsia

52
Q

Signs of SIADH?

A

concentrated urine with osmolality > 300 mosm/L

53
Q

SIADH treated with rapid infusion of hypertonic saline will cause?

A

central pontine myelinolysis

54
Q

Signs of craniopharyngioma?

A

visual deficits, diabetes insipidus, adiposity, developmental delay, headaches, papilledema

55
Q

Craniopharyngioma derived from?

A

remnant of Rathke’s pouch

56
Q

Bladder problems in cortical lesions (paracentral lobule)?

A

uninhibited, spastic bladder

57
Q

Bladder problems in brainstem/high spinal cord injury?

A

flaccid paralysis that becomes spastic [urge incontinence, hyperactive, empties too frequently]

58
Q

Bladder problems in sacral spinal cord injury?

A

overflow incontinence

59
Q

Disturbances of erection/ejaculation with spinal cord injury (above T12)?

A

loss of psychogenic erections, reflex erections intact; only reflex ejaculation

60
Q

Disturbances of erection/ejaculation with sacral spinal cord injury?

A

loss of reflex erection, psycogenic may be preserved; ejaculation abolished

61
Q

Signs of Horner syndrome?

A

constricted pupil, ptosis, red face, anhydrosis

62
Q

Site of injury in pt. with miosis, ptosis and CN VI palsy?

A

cavernous sinus - ICA aneurysm (sympathetics follow the ICA and CN VI is riding on ICA)

63
Q

Why no red face/anhysrosis in previous pt?

A

external carotid nerve is intact

64
Q

Components of the limbic system?

A

parahippocampal gyrus, uncus, hippocampus, amygdala

65
Q

Structures in the Papez circuit?

A

hippocampus, mamillary body (via fornix), ant nuc of thalamus, cingulate cortex

66
Q

Function of hippocampus?

A

consolidation of short term memory

67
Q

Part of hippocampus most vulnerable to seizure activity?

A

CA4

68
Q

Part of hippocampus most susceptable to anoxia?

A

CA1

69
Q

Structure affected in Korsakoff syndrome?

A

mammillary bodies, dorsomedial thalamus

70
Q

Signs of Korsakoff syndrome?

A

amnesia, confabulation with short term memory intact

71
Q

Metabolic deficency in Korsakoff syndrome?

A

thiamine

72
Q

Signs of Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome?

A

ophthalmoplegia, ataxia and disturbances of mentation and consciousness

73
Q

Signs of injury in akinetic mutism?

A

immobile, mute and unresponsive but awake; bulateral lesion of cingulate gyrus

74
Q

Signs of Kluvy-Bucy syndrome?

A

placid, visual agnosia, hyperorality

75
Q

Brain region injured in Kluver-Bucy syndrome?

A

bilateral temporal lobe

Step 1 (58 decks)

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