Pharm 10 Flashcards
DOCs for status epilepticus
IV diazepam (or lorazapam) followed by phenytoin
Drugs that can be used for infantile spasms
Corticosteroids
Anti-seizure drugs used also for bipolar affective disorder (BAD)
Valproic acid, carbamazepine, phenytoin and gabapentin
Anti-seizure drugs used also for Trigeminal neuralgia
Carbamazepine
Anti-seizure agent that exhibits non-linear metabolism, highly protein bound, causes fetal hydantoin syndrome, and stimulates hepatic metabolism
Phenytoin
Anti-seizure agent that induces formation of liver drug-metabolism enzymes, is teratogen and can cause craniofacial anomalies and spina bifida
Carbamazepine
Agent that inhibits hepatic metabolism, is hepatotoxic and teratogen that can cause neural tube defects and gastrointestinal distress
Valproic acid
Laboratory value required to be monitored for patients on valproic acid
Serum ammonia and LFT’s
SE for Lamotrigine
Stevens-Johnson syndrome
SE for Felbamate
Aplastic anemia and acute hepatic failure
Anti-seizure medication also used in the prevention of migraines
Valproic acid
Carbamazepine may cause
Agranulocytosis
Anti-seizure drugs used as alternative drugs for mood stabilization
Carbamazepine, gabapentin, lamotrigine, and valproic acid
MOA of general anesthetics
Unclear, thought to increase the threshold for firing of CNS neurons
Inhaled anesthetic with a low blood/gas partition coefficient
Nitrous oxide
Inversely related to potency of anesthetics
Minimum alveolar anesthetic concentration (MAC)
Inhaled anesthetics metabolized by liver enzymes which has a major role in the toxicity of these agents
Halothane and methoxyflurane
Most inhaled anesthetics SE
Decrease arterial blood pressure
Inhaled anesthetics are myocardial depressants
Enflurane and halothane
Inhaled anesthetic causes peripheral vasodilation
Isoflurane
Inhaled anesthetic that may sensitize the myocardium to arrhythmogenic effects of catecholamines and has produced hepatitis
Halothane
Inhaled anesthetics, less likely to lower blood pressure than other agents, and has the smallest effect on respiration
Nitrous oxide
Fluoride released by metabolism of this inhaled anesthetic may cause renal insufficiency
Methoxyflurane
Prolonged exposure to this inhaled anesthetic may lead to megaloblastic anemia
Nitrous oxide
Pungent inhaled anesthetic which leads to high incidence of coughing and vasospasm
Desflurane
IV barbiturate used as a pre-op anesthetic
Thiopental
Benzodiazepine used adjunctively in anesthesia
Midazolam
This produces “dissociative anesthesia”, is a cardiovascular stimulant which may increases intracranial pressure, and hallucinations occur during recovery
Ketamine
State of analgesia and amnesia produced when fentanyl is used with droperidol and nitrous oxide
Neuroleptanesthesia
Produces both rapid anesthesia and recovery, has antiemetic activity and commonly used for outpatient surgery, may cause marked hypotension
Propofol
Most commonly abused in health care professionals
Heroin, morphine, oxycodone, meperidine and fentanyl
This route is associated with rapid tolerance and psychologic dependence
IV administration
Lacrimation, rhinorrhea, yawning, sweating, weakness, gooseflesh, nausea, and vomiting, tremor, muscle jerks, and hyperpnea are signs of this syndrome
Abstinence syndrome
Treatment for opioid addiction
Methadone, followed by slow dose reduction
