Peritoneal Folds Flashcards
Definition
Peritoneum double layers connecting different abdominal organs together or connections organ to abdominal wall
Function
Allow free mobility to certain abdominal organs and act as passages of vessels, nerves, and lymphatics to suspend organs
Classification
- Omenta
- Mesenteries
- Ligaments
- Greater sac
- Lesser sac (Omental bursa)
Omenta
Peritoneal folds connecting stomach to other organs
Omenta types
- Lesser omentum (gastrohepatic ligament)
- Greater omentum (gastrocolic ligament)
- Gastrosplenic omentum (ligament)
Mesenteries
Peritoneal folds connecting intestine mobile parts to posterior abdominal wall
Mesenteries types
- Small intestine mesentery (mesentery proper)
- Transverse mesocolon
- Mesoappendix
- Sigmoid colon
Ligaments
Include rest of peritoneal folds which connect abdominal organs together or to abdominal wall
Ligaments types
- Gastrophrenic ligament
- Falciform ligament
- Coronary ligament
- Right triangular ligament
- Left triangular ligament
- Leinorenal (splenorenal) ligament
- Phrenicocolic ligament
- Uterus broad ligament
Greater sac
- Sac filling whole abdominal cavity as well as pelvic cavity
- Incision made through anterior abdominal wall will open it
Compartments
Divided into two compartments by transverse partition formed by:
1. Greater omentum
2. Transverse colon
3. Mesocolon
Compartments types
- Supracolic compartment
- Infracolic compartment
Supracolic compartment
In front of and above greater omentum, transverse colon, and mesocolon
Infracolic compartment
- Behind and below greater omentum, transverse colon, and its mesocolon
- Divided by small intestine mesentery into:
- Upper right region
- Lower left region which communicates with pelvic cavity - Ascending and descending colons bulge into this compartment leaving 2 paracolic gutters alongside each of them
Omental bursa
- Peritoneal cavity part lying behind stomach and lesser omentum
- Separated from greater sac except at opening into lesser sac (epiploic foramen or foramen of Winslow) where both sacs communicate
Development
Pouch extending from greater sac behind stomach as a result of its rotation
Extensions
- Upwards: behind liver caudate lobe forming superior recess
- Downwards: between descending anterior 2 layers and ascending posterior 2 layers of greater omentum forming inferior recess
- Left: as far as spleen forming splenic recess
Boundries
- 2 walls
- 4 borders
Anterior wall
From above downwards:
1. Peritoneum on liver caudate lobe
2. Lesser omentum
3. Peritoneum on stomach posterior surface
4. Gastrosplenic ligament
5. Greater omentum descending anterior 2 layers
Posterior wall
From above downwards:
1. Stomach bed peritoneal covering
2. Transverse mesocolon and transverse colon
3. Greater omentum ascending posterior 2 layers
Upper border
Formed by reflection of peritoneum from anterior to posterior wall of lesser sac extending transversely from Ligamentum venosum fissure on right side to esophagus lower end on left side
Lower border
Corresponds to greater omentum free lower margin
Left border from above downwards
- Meeting of gastrophrenic and leinorenal ligaments at spleen hilum
- Greater omentum left free margin
Right border from above downwards
- Peritoneum reflection at right margin of liver caudate lobe to posterior abdominal wall
- Opening into lesser sac
- Greater omentum right free margin
