Opth- vascular disease

Question 1

what is the most common cause of retinal artery occlusions

Answer 1

arteriosclerosis

Question 2

causes of retinal artery occlusions

Answer 2

arteriosclerosis
giant cell arteritis
emboli from heart

Question 3

clinical sign of central retinal artery occlusion

Answer 3

RAPD (relative afferent pupil defect)

Question 4

retinal artery occlusions are painful/painless?

Answer 4

painless

Question 5

how do central retinal artery occlusions appear on fundoscopy

Answer 5

narrowed arteries (thread like)
pale and opaque retina
cherry-red spot seen at fovea

Question 6

‘like a curtain coming down’

Answer 6

Amaurosis fugax

Question 7

how long does amaurosis fugax vision loss last

Answer 7

~5 mins with full recovery

Question 8

virchows triad

Answer 8

endothelial damage
abnormal blood flow
hypercoagulation

Question 9

how do retinal vein occlusions appear on fundoscopy

Answer 9

flame and blot haemorrhages
optic disc oedema
macula oedema
Dilated tortuous veins

Question 10

treatment of retinal vein occlusions

Answer 10

laser photocoagulation
intravitreal steroids
anti-VEGF

Question 11

are vitreous haemorrhages painful/painless?

Answer 11

painless

Question 12

what disease is associated with red hue in vision and when is this red hue worse?

Answer 12

vitreous haemorrhages
worse when lying flat