Haem- thrombosis Flashcards
what is arterial thrombosis
blood clot which forms in an artery
risk factors for arterial thrombosis
hypertension
smoking
high cholesterol
diabetes mellitus
drugs preventing arterial thrombosis
anti-platelet drugs
Damage to endothelium causes recruitment of what?
‘foamy’ macrophages rich in cholesterol resulting in formation of cholesterol rich plaques
stable plaques cause
stable angina
intermittent claudication
unstable plaques cause
stroke
unstable angina
myocardial infarction
what is deep vein thrombosis (DVT)
Refers to the intra-luminal occlusion of any vein within the deep system of a limb
Virchows triad
Hypercoagulability
endothelial injury
circulatory stasis
what is hypercoagulability
when blood clots more easily
what is stasis
when blood flow is abnormal
hypercoagulability risk factors
malignant
pregnancy
oestrogen therapy
IBD
sepsis
thrombophilia
endothelial injury risk factors
venous disorders
previous DVT/PE- very strong rf
trauma/surgery
Indwelling catheters
circulatory stasis risk factors
left ventricular dysfunction
immobility/paralysis
varicose veins
venous system pressure
low pressure
score used to determine likelihood of DVT/PE
wells score
long term anticoagulation DVT first line
a DOAC such as a Apixaban or Rivaroxaban
Provoked DVT with reversible factors anticoagulation time length
3 months
Provoked DVT with irreversible factors, or unprovoked DVT anticoagulation time length
3-6 months, potentially life long depending on patient factors
most common inherited thrombophilia
Factor V Leiden
causes of hereditary thrombophilias
factor v leiden
protein c deficiency
protein s deficiency
antithrombin deficiency
prothrombin 20210 mutation
