Child health- haem Flashcards
what is Kawasaki disease
medium-vessel vasculitis predominantly affecting children
clinical features of Kawasaki disease: CREAM
high-grade fevers > 5 days, accompanied by 4/5 of CREAM features:
conjunctivitis (bilateral, non-exudative)
rash
edema/erythema of hands and feet
adenopathy (cervical)
mucousal involvement (strawberry tongue, oral fissures)
primary investigation for Kawasaki disease
echocardiogram due to risk of coronary aneurysm
management of Kawasaki disease
IV immunoglobulins (IVig) and high dose aspirin
what is the most common childhood cancer
acute lymphoblastic leukaemia
what is acute lymphoblastic leukaemia
malignant disease of primitive lymphoid cells (lymphoblasts)
peak in age group of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia
2-4 years
what is acute lymphoblastic leukaemia often associated with
Down syndrome
philadelphia chromosome-
t(9:22) translocation
clinical features of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia
marrow failure- anaemia, infections, bleeding
leukaemic effects- high count, involvement areas outside marrow and blood eg CNS, testes
bone pain
bloods in acute lymphoblastic leukaemia
reduction in normal cells
presence of abnormal cells (blasts)- excess (>20%)
high nuclear:cytoplasmic ratio
prominent nucleolus
management of acute lymphoid leukaemia
multi-agent chemotherapy
compilations of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia disease
anaemia
neutropenia- infections
thrombocytopenia- bleeding
complications of treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia
nausea and vomiting
hair loss
liver, renal dysfunction
tumour lysis syndrome (during treatment)
infection
late effects- infertility, cardiomyopathy
tumour lysis syndrome causes release of what intracellular contents
potassium
phosphate
nuclei acids
what is lymphoma
group of cancers that affect the lymphocytes inside the lymphatic system; these cancerous cells proliferate within the lymph nodes and cause the lymph nodes to become abnormally large
