Endo- thyroid disorders Flashcards
thyrotoxicosis
the clinical, physiological and biochemical state arising when tissues are exposed to excess thyroid hormone
hyperthyroidism
refers specifically to the conditions in which overactivity of the thyroid gland lead to thyrotoxicosis
most common cause of hyperthyroidism
Graves disease
graves disease more common in females/males
females (10:1)
in graves disease, which receptor antibodies stimulate the thyroid
anti-TSH
general symptoms of hyperthyroidism
weight loss despite increased appetite
frequent, loose bowel movements
sweating and heat intolerance
goitre- diffuse, toxic
goitre
enlargement of the thyroid gland
CVS symptoms of hyperthyroidism
increased pulse rate
palpitations, AF
rarely cardiac failure
what is graves eye disease associated with
smoking
what produces the TSH
the pituitary gland (located in the brain)
primary hyperthyroidism hormones
TSH low
T3/T4 high
thyroid autoantibodies in graves disease
TSH receptor antibody
Anti-TPO antibody
Anti-thyroglobulin antibody
1st line medical management in graves disease
carbimazole
thyroid storm
rapid deterioration of hyperthyroidism with:
hyperpyrexia
severe tachycardia
extreme restlessness
cardiac failure
liver dysfunction
immediate symptomatic relief of thyrotoxicosis symptoms
beta blockers
preferred antithyroid medication in first trimester of pregnancy
PTU
hypothyroidism
results from any disorder that results in insufficient secretion of thyroid hormones from the thyroid gland
symptoms of hypothyroidism
tiredness/malaise
weight gain, despite < appetite
cold intolerance
< sweating
constipation
bradycardia
primary hypothyroidism hormones
TSH high
T4 and T3 low
Thyroid antibodies in autoimmune hypothyroidism
anti-TPO antibody
antithyroglobulin
TSH receptor antibody
