Derm- systemic infections Flashcards
what is Lyme disease
Lyme disease is an infectious condition caused by the Spirochaete Borrelia burgoorferi, transmitted via the bite ixodes ticks predominantly found in wooded areas
how long does stage 1 of Lyme disease typically last
several weeks
what clinical features are seen in stage 1 of lyme disease
flu like symptoms
Regional lymphadenopathy
Erythema Chronicum Migrans- circular target shaped lesion
Borrelia lymphocytoma - blue patch on the earlobe, nipple or scrotum (predominantly seen in children)
what is Borrelia lymphocytoma
blue patch on the earlobe, nipple or scrotum (predominantly seen in children)
what is Erythema Chronicum Migrans
circular, target-shaped lesion observed in 80% of cases of Lyme disease within 30 days
what clinical features may present in stage 2 Lyme disease
continued flu like symptoms
Neuroborreliosis: facial nerve (single or bilateral) and other cranial nerve palsies
Cardiovascular involvement
early painful arthritis
how long does stage 2 Lyme disease typically last
days to months
what is Neuroborreliosis
facial nerve (single/bilateral) palsies
other cranial nerve palsies
aseptic meningitis
encephalitis- inflammation of brain
cardiovascular involvement in Lyme disease may present as what
myocarditis
heart block
other arrhythmias
pericarditis
how long does stage 3 Lyme disease typically last
months to years
which antibiotic is commonly used to treat Lyme disease and for how long
oral doxycycline, 2-3 weeks
In cases of complicated infection or Lyme disease affecting the central nervous system, what is the first line treatment
IV ceftriaxone
what is scabies
highly contagious skin infection caused by the mite Sarcoptes scabiei
which type of hypersensitivity reaction is scabies
delayed type IV hypersensitivity reaction
how long after scabies infection do symptoms start
around 30 days later
first line management of scabies
topical permethrin 5%
what are chickenpox
an acute infectious disease caused by the varicella-zoster virus (VZV), a member of the human herpes virus family
what virus causes chickenpox
varicella virus, specifically HHV3
how is chickenpox spread
airborne- direct contact/breathing in infected persons sneeze/cough
where does chickenpox primarily start
face and chest before spreading to rest of body
chickenpox start as raised, red, itchy spots and progress into what over a few days
small, fluid-filled blisters
what are immunocompromised patients given on days 7-14 after exposure of chickenpox for post-exposure prophylaxis
oral aciclovir
what is shingles
reactivation of the varicella zoster virus which can lie dormant in nerve ganglia following primary infection (chickenpox)
who does shingles commonly occur in
elderly
shingles in young adults should prompt investigation for underlying immune condition
