Haem- drugs Flashcards
mechanism of action of aspirin
inhibits cyclo-oxygenase which is necessary to produce thromboxane A2
adverse effects of aspirin
bleeding
blocks production of prostaglandins- GI ulceration, bronchospasm
heparin
anti-coagulant
anti-coagulants aka
blood thinners- prevent blood clots forming
aspirin
anti-platelet agent
anti-platelet agents
prevent platelets clumping together- prevents blood clots forming
moa of heparin
potentiates antithrombin (immediate effect)
antithrombin
a protein in the blood that plays a crucial role in regulating blood clotting
warfarin
anti-coagulant
moa of warfarin
inhibit vitamin K
main indications for anticoagulants
venous thrombosis
atrial fibrillation
what do anticoagulant drugs target
the formation of the fibrin clot
monitoring unfractioned heparin
Activated partial thromboplastin time (APPT)
monitoring LMWH
Anti-Xa assay but usually no monitoring of LMWH is required as more predictable response
complications of heparin
bleeding
heparin induced thrombocytopenia
osteoporosis
drug used to reverse effects of heparin in severe bleeding
protamine sulphate
coumarin anticoagulants moa
inhibit vitamin K
factors that require vitamin K
Factors II (prothrombin), VII, IX & X
Protein C and protein S
contraindication and cautions of warfarin
has a narrow therapeutic window - need to monitor therapy using INR
recommended time of day to take warfarin
same time each day 6pm recommended
major adverse effect of warfarin
haemorrhage
MOA of clopidogrel and prsaugrel
ADP receptor antagonists
moa of Dipyridamole
Phosphodiesterase inhibitor - increases production of cAMP which inhibits platelet aggregation
moa of GP IIb/IIIa inhibitors
Inhibit aggregation
activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT)
test measures how long it takes blood to clot
