ENT- throat diseases- mouth and salivary gland Flashcards
what percentage of UK adults have been infected with herpes simplex virus
70%
latent virus of HSV may be reactivated by which triggers
stress
trauma
febrill illnesses
UV radiation
what is a herpes labialis
cold sore
how many people infected with HSV have recurrence
1/2
what is herpetic whitlow
HSV infection of the finger
what is herpes simplex encephalitis
rare brain inflammation caused by HSV
what are the clinical features of herpes simplex encephalitis
rapid onset fever
headache
seizures
focal neurological signs
impaired consciousness
which medication is used to reduce severity and frequency of symptoms of HSV
antiviral medications eg acyclovir
who does herpangina most commonly affect
children
which virus causes herpangina
coxsackie viruses (enteroviruses)
what is hand, foot, and mouth disease
clinical syndrome characterised by oral enanthem and a macular, maculopapular, or vesicular rash of the hands and feet
which virus causes hand, foot, and mouth disease
coxsackie virus
which outbreaks are common in hand, foot, and mouth disease
family outbreaks
how do you manage hand, foot, and mouth disease
supportive management
what is an apthous ulcer
typically a recurrent round/oval sore or ulcer usually found on the inside of the lips, cheeks, or underneath the tongue
apthous ulcers last less than how long
last less than 3 weeks
what causes oral thrush (Candidiasis)
Candida albicans
what are the risk factors for oral thrush
post antibiotics
immunosupressed
smokers
inhaled steroids
what medications are used to treat oral thrush
nystatin
fluconazole
what are the two age peaks of incidences in squamous cell papilloma
<5 years
20-40 years
what is squamous cell papilloma related to
HPV- types 6 and 11
children/adults with squamous cell papilloma have it more aggressive?
children- aggressive
adults- often solitary
how does squamous cell papilloma present
painless lesion most commonly found in mucosa of soft and hard palate
where can squamous cell papilloma affect
soft palate
hard palate
tongue
lips
tonsils
others- skin, oesophagus, cervix
what percentage of parotid gland masses are benign
60%
tumours in smaller/larger glands are more likely to be malignant?
smaller
what is the most common benign salivary gland tumour
pleomorphic adenoma
who is most likely to get pleomorphic adenoma
females 3rd-6th decade
what does pleomorphic adenoma have a known link to
radiation
what is the second most common benign tumour of the salivary glands
warthins tumour
who is most likely to get warthins tumour
male over 50
what does warthins tumour have a strong association with
smoking
what is the most common malignant salivary gland tumour worldwide
mucoepidermoid carcinoma
what is the 5 year survival rate for high grade vs low grade mucoepidermoid carcinomas
low grade- >90%
high garde- <60%
what is the most common malignant salivary gland tumour in the UK
adenoid cystic carcinoma
what symptom is associated with malignant parotid tumours
facial nerve palsy
what investigation is used to diagnose salivary gland tumours
US-FNA
what is sialadenitis
salivary gland infection
what is sialolithiasis
salivary gland stones
when is herpes simplex virus 1 acquired and how is it transmitted
in childhood
infected through saliva
