Opth- retina and choroid diseases Flashcards
what is myopia
a vision condition in which people can see close objects clearly, but objects farther away appear blurred
what is pathologic myopia
type of myopia that begins in childhood and gets progressively worse
clinical sign of pathologic myopia
scleral thinning
how does pathological myopia appear on fundoscopy
laquer cracks
subretinal haemorrhage
Fuschs’ spot
causes of retinal tears/holes
age related degeneration
myopia
eye injuries
eye surgery
what is a retinal detachment
detachment of the inner layer of the retina from the retinal pigment epithelium
most common cause of retinal detachments
tears/holes in the retina
what is chorioretinitis
inflammatory and exudative condition of the choroid and retina
who is chorioretinitis most commonly seen in
immunodeficient patients eg HIV/AIDS
what is the most common cause of blindness in individuals over 65 years in developed countries
age-related macular degeneration (ARMD)
risk factors for ARMD
increasing age
smoking
family history
poor nutrition
which is more gradual wet/dry ARMD
dry
is drusen associated with dry/wet ARMD
dry
treatment of wet ARMD
anti-VEGF eg bevacizumab
what can be used to slow down deterioration of dry ARMD
High dose of beta-carotene, vitamins C and E, and zinc
what percentage of age related macular degeneration are dry ARMD
90%
how do Drusden pigments appear
yellowish extracellular material under the retina
What are the two main types of non-rhegmatogenous retinal detachment?
tractional
exudative
what causes tractional retinal detachment
formation of vitreoretinal bands, commonly caused by proliferative diabetic neuropathy
what characterises exudative retinal detachment
subretinal fluid accumulation without any retinal tears
causes of exudative retinal detachment
choroid tumours- primary/metastatic
intraocular inflammation
systemic- toxaemia of pregnancy, hypoprotinaemia
iatrogenic- RD surgery, excessive retinal photocoagulation
