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My Flashcards Year 2 > MSK- physiology > Flashcards

MSK- physiology Flashcards

1
Q

What do “dark bands” refer to in muscle fibers?

A

Myosin filaments

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2
Q

What do “light bands” refer to in muscle fibers?

A

Actin filaments

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3
Q

Skeletal muscle features

A

Motor units, striated, voluntary control, neuromuscular junctions, no gap junctions

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4
Q

Purpose of skeletal muscle

A

Movement, posture, heat production, metabolism, respiratory movement

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5
Q

what is a motor unit

A

A single alpha motor neuron and all the skeletal muscle fibres it innervates

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6
Q

Power>precision

A

More fibres per motor unit

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7
Q

Myosin is darker/lighter

A

Darker

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8
Q

Actin is darker/lighter

A

Lighter

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9
Q

Sarcomeres

A

Functional unit of the muscle

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10
Q

Muscle tension sliding filaments theory

A

Sliding of actin filaments on myosin filaments

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11
Q

Calcium is released from where in skeletal muscle fibres when surface action potential spreads down what?

A

Lateral sacs of sarcoplasmic reticulum, t-tubules

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12
Q

Factors determining graduation of muscle tension

A

-No of muscle fibres contracting within muscle
-tension developed by each contracting muscle fibre

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13
Q

Tension developed by each contracting muscle fibre depends on

A

-frequency of stimulation and summation
- length of muscle fibre at onset of contraction
-thickness of muscle fibre

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14
Q

What happens when skeletal muscle is stimulated once

A

Twitch produced

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15
Q

What happens when muscle fibres are stimulated so rapidly there is no opportunity to relax at all between stimuli

A

Tetanus occurs

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16
Q

Optimum length of skeletal muscle is approximately the length of what

A

It’s resting length

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17
Q

Isotonic contraction

A

Muscle tension remains constant as muscle length changes (body movements and maintaining objects)

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18
Q

Isometric contraction

A

Muscle tension develops at constant muscle length (body posture etc)

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19
Q

Main source of energy that supplies ATP when oxygen is present

A

oxidative phosphorylation

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20
Q

Main source that supplies ATP when oxygen is not present

A

glycolysis

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21
Q

Type 1 skeletal muscle fibre

A

Slow oxidative fibres

22
Q

Type 2a skeletal muscle fibres

A

Fast oxidative muscle fibres

23
Q

Type 2b skeletal muscle fibres

A

Fast glycolytic fibres

24
Q

Type 1 fibres aka

A

Slow twitch fibres

25
Q

Type 2a fibres aka

A

Intermediate twitch fibres

26
Q

Type 2b fibres aka

A

Fast twitch fibres

27
Q

Type 1 fibres used

A

Posture, walking

28
Q

Type 2a used

A

Jogging etc

29
Q

Type 2b used

A

High intensity

30
Q

Stretch reflex

A

Simplest monosynaptic spinal reflex

31
Q

Muscle spindles aka

A

Intrafusal fibres

32
Q

Ordinary muscle fibres aka

A

Extrafusal muscle fibres

33
Q

Muscle spindles

A

A collection of specialised muscle fibres which act as sensory receptors for the stretch reflex

34
Q

Muscle spindles located

A

Within belly of muscles

35
Q

Fibrous joints

A

Bones United by fibrous tissue, doesn’t allow any movement, eg skulls in adults

36
Q

Cartilaginous joints

A

Bones United by cartilage, allows limited movement, eg intervertebral disc

37
Q

Synovial joints

A

Separated by a cavity containing synovial fluid and United by a fibrous capsule

38
Q

Simple synovial joints

A

1 pair of articular surfaces

39
Q

Compound synovial joints

A

More than one pair of articular surfaces

40
Q

Functions of joints

A

Structural support, purposeful motion

41
Q

Purposeful motion purpose

A

Stress distribution, confer stability, joint lubrication

42
Q

Synovial fluid purposes

A

Lubrication, prevents wear and tear, movement, nutrition

43
Q

Normal synovial fluid

A

Colourless

44
Q

Red synovial fluid

A

Traumatic synovial tap and haemorrhagic arthritis

45
Q

WBC count of synovial fluid increases in:

A

Inflammatory and septic arthritis

46
Q

Repeated wear and tear

A

Osteoarthritis

47
Q

Synovial fluid proliferation and inflammation

A

Rheumatoid arthritis

48
Q

Decomposition of salt crystals eg uric acid

A

Gouty arthritis

49
Q

synovial cells

A

fibroblasts

50
Q

fibroblasts

A

produce synovial fluid

My Flashcards Year 2 (59 decks)

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