Child health- cardio

Question 1

what are cyanotic defects

Answer 1

conditions which cause deoxygenated blood to bypass the lungs and enter systemic circulation, or a mix of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood to enter circulation

Question 2

cyanotic defects- all the Ts

Answer 2

tetralogy of fallot
truncus arteriosus
transposition of the great vessels
tons of others

Question 3

what is tetralogy of fallot

Answer 3

ventricular septal defect
pulmonary stenosis
overriding aorta
right ventricular hypertrophy

Question 4

what are acyanotic defects

Answer 4

involves left or right shunting or no shunting

Question 5

acyanotic defects-

Answer 5

sepal defects- ASD, VSD, AVSD
patent ductus arteriosus- very high in preterm infants
aortic and pulmonary stenosis

Question 6

what is the most common rhythm disturbance in children

Answer 6

SVT- supraventriculartachycardia

Question 7

what is wolff-parkison-white syndrome

Answer 7

genetic disorder that allows abnormal conduction to occur in the heart via an accessory pathway

Question 8

wolff-parkinson-white syndrome is twice more common in males/females

Answer 8

males

Question 9

what is the accessory pathway called in wolff-parkinson-white syndrome

Answer 9

bundle of Kent

Question 10

ECG findings in wolff-parkinson white syndrome

Answer 10

delta wave (slurred upstroke in QRS complex)
short pr interval (<0.12 seconds)
broad QRS complex (>0.12 seconds)

Question 11

what is atrial fibrillation

Answer 11

chaotic and disorganised atrial activity produces an irregular heartbeat

Question 12

atrial rhythm in atrial fibrillation-

Answer 12

300-600 bpm

Question 13

ECG findings in atrial fibrillation

Answer 13

atrial rhythm >300bpm
irregular irregular rhythm
no p waves- irregular baseline
narrow QRS

Question 14

what is atrial flutter

Answer 14

form of SVT characterised by a succession of rapid atrial depolarisation waves

Question 15

ECG findings in atrial flutter

Answer 15

P wave- sawtooth ‘f’ wave
narrow QRS
2:1 atrial:ventricle (300bpm:150bpm)

Question 16

what is infective endocarditis

Answer 16

rare but severe bacterial infection of the heart valves

Question 17

common organisms responsible for paediatric infective endocarditis

Answer 17

viridins group streptococci
staphylococci
enterococci

Question 18

how does paediatric infective endocarditis present

Answer 18

most cases sub acutely-
low grade fever
malaise
myalgia
arthralgias
headaches

Question 19

compression:ventilation ratio for lay rescuers to use on children

Answer 19

30:2

Question 20

compression:ventilation ratio for two or more rescuers with a duty to respond to use on children

Answer 20

15:2