MSK- trauma Flashcards
scaphoid fracture main symptom
pain and tender anatomical snuffbox
scaphoid fracture imaging
XRAY- can be invisible- repeat after 10 days/MRI scan
main risk of scaphoid fracture
avascular necrosis
most common type of carpal bone fracture
scaphoid fracture
distal radius fracture most commonly caused by
fall on outstretched hand
colles fracture
fracture of distal radius with posterior displacement of distal fragment
smith fracture
fracture of distal radius with anterior displacement of distal fragment
complications of colles fractures
carpal tunnel syndrome
median nerve injury
colles fracture vs smith fracture- falls
colles- fall on outstretched hand
smith- fall on flexed hand
management of colles fracture
closed reduction and immobilise wrist with a cast
Bennetts fracture
fracture of 1st metacarpal base caused by forced hyperabduction of thumb
boxers fracture
fracture of 5th metacarpal neck
boxers fracture first line treatment in closed fractures
ulnar gutter splint
management of ulna and radius shaft fractures
open reduction and internal fixation
monteggia fracture pattern
fracture of proximal third of ulna and dislocation of proximal head of radius
galeazzi fracture pattern
fracture of distal third of radius and dislocation of distal radio ulnar joint
greenstick fractures
incomplete fracture which occurs in the soft bones of children
nightstick fractures
isolated fracture of the ulna shaft
supracondylar fracture
one of most common fractures seen in children- FOOSH
supracondylar fracture causes pain where
elbow
what is the olecranon responsible for
extension of elbow
where is an olecranon fracture pain well localised to
the posterior elbow
what do you need to assess in a patient with a supracondylar fracture
neurovascular exam- brachial artery, median nerve
what is the most common joint dislocation
shoulder dislocation
who is more likely to suffer from a shoulder dislocation
younger patients (teenage-30 years)
sporty
pelvic fractures in the young caused by
RTA or fall from height
what classification is used to classify pelvic ring fractures
Young-Burgess classification
high energy pelvis injuries, if pelvis is only site on injury first line management
XRAY first
high energy pelvis injuries in poly traumatic patients first line management
CT first
test of choice in low energy pelvis injuries
MRI- sensitive
hip fractures risk factors
elderly
osteoporosis
smoking, alcohol use
malnutrition
low BMI
impaired vision
pelvic XRAY findings for hip fracture
loss of contour of Shentons line
first line investigation in patients presenting with hip pain with history of trauma
XRAY of pelvis and lateral hip
intertrochanteric hip fractures management
DHI screw
subtrochenteric hip fractures management
IM nail
how are intracapsular hip fractures classified
gardens classification
gardens classification
predicts union and chance of AVN
extra capsular fractures of femoral neck types-
intertrochenteric and subtrochenteric
extra capsular fractures of femoral neck features
pain
inability to bear weight
shortened leg
externally rotated leg
bruising around hip joint
common complication of total hip replacement
posterior hip dislocation
intracapsular high function displaced fractures management
total hip replacement
posterior hip dislocation presentation
internally rotated
slightly flexed and adducted
anterior hip dislocation internally/externally rotated
externally rotated
tibial plateau fractures classification
Schatzer classification
most common type of tibial plateau fracture
type II
classification for ankle fracture
Weber Classification - A, B, C
which fracture would you expect to see in a patient who has fell from a height onto the heel
calcaneus fracture
lisfranc injury aka
mid foot injury
metatarsal stress fractures common sites
2nd metatarsal, followed by 3rd
which nerve most important when doing neuromuscular exam for a patient with hip dislocation
sciatic nerve
meniscal tears common in
younger patients- usually sporting injuries
meniscal tear best investigation
MRI
compartment syndrome 4 Ps
pain
paraethesia
pallor
pulselessness
management of compartment syndrome
emergency fasciotomy
compartment syndrome what should you do immediately
remove cast
fat embolism triad
resp failure
neurological abnormalities
petechial rash
meniscal tear usually result of that type of injury
sporting, rotational injury
symptoms of meniscal tear
locking, clicking and catching
feeling of knee giving way
spiral fractures
occur during rotational motion
comminuted fracture
fracture that occurs in more than two places. typically caused by severe trauma including RTA
