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My Flashcards Year 2 > Derm- skin cancer > Flashcards

Derm- skin cancer Flashcards

1
Q

what is basal cell carcinoma

A

a skin cancer originating from the basal keratinocytes within the epidermis, usually secondary to DNA damage caused by UV radiations

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2
Q

what is the most common malignant skin tumour

A

basal cell carcinoma

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3
Q

most commonly involved sites of basal cell carcinoma

A

sun-exposed areas of head and neck

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4
Q

risk factors for basal cell carcinoma

A

family history/previous history
genetic syndromes
pale skin/light hair- Fitzpatrick type I/2
high levels of sun/UV exposure
immunosuppression
chronic inflammation
smoking
old age and male sex

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5
Q

is basal cell carcinoma slow/fast growing?

A

slow growing

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6
Q

does basal cell carcinoma often mestastesize?

A

rarely- almost never

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7
Q

what do nodular basal cell carcinomas look like

A

shiny
pearly nodule
superficial telangiectasia
may be ulcerated

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8
Q

what do superficial basal cell carcinomas look like

A

erythematous
well-demarcated
scaly plaques
often larger than 20mm at presentation

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9
Q

what are infiltrative basal cell carcinomas characterised by

A

thickened yellowish plaques

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10
Q

typical management of nodular basal cell carcinoma

A

excise

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11
Q

typical management of superficial basal cell carcinoma

A

non-surgical

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12
Q

typical management of infiltrative basal cell carcinoma

A

Mohs surgery

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13
Q

which type of basal cell carcinoma may be ulcerated

A

nodular basal cell carcinoma

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14
Q

what is squamous cell carcinoma

A

malignant tumour that arises from supra-basal keratinocytes

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15
Q

what is the most common skin cancer in the immunosuppressed population

A

squamous cell carcinoma

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16
Q

which type of skin carcinoma may be painful and/or bleed

A

squamous cell carcinoma

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17
Q

what factors determine a poor prognosis in squamous cell carcinoma

A

metastases
size- diameter >20mm
depth- >4mm
poorly differentiated
immunocompromised

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18
Q

what is malignant melanoma

A

proliferation of atypical melanocytes with potential for dermal invasion and widespread metastasis

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19
Q

abcde checklist for skin cancer

A

a- asymmetry
b- irregular Border
c- variable Colour
d- diameter >6mm
e- evolution/elevation

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20
Q

what is the Breslow depth

A

measured from the granular layer of the epidermis down to the deepest point of invasion
Smaller the depth = better prognosis

21
Q

what is the most aggressive type of melanoma

A

nodular melanoma

22
Q

where does nodular melanoma often present

A

trunk

23
Q

how does nodular melanoma usually present

A

rapidly growing pigmented nodule, which bleeds or ulcerates

24
Q

what are acral malignant melanomas

A

subtype of melanoma that arise as pigmented lesions on the palm or sole or under the nail, and usually present late

25
Q

what is different about the way nodular melanomas grow compared to other melanomas that make them more aggressive

A

grow vertically from the outset

26
Q

breslow thickness-
confined to epidermis (in-situ) 5 year survival rate?

A

100% 5 year survival

27
Q

breslow thickness- <0.76mm 5 year survival rate?

A

90% 5 year survival

28
Q

breslow thickness-
>3mm 5 year survival rate?

A

60% 5 year survival rate

29
Q

when breslow thickness is >1mm what investigation should be carried out?

A

sentinel node biopsy

30
Q

what is the most common type of melanoma

A

superficial spreading melanoma

31
Q

what are Actinic (solar) keratoses

A

partial thickened dysplasia of epidermal keratinocytes

32
Q

A small minority (<1%) of actinic keratoses undergo malignant transformation into what type of skin cancer?

A

squamous cell carcinoma

33
Q

what do Actinic (solar) keratoses look like

A

scaly, erythematous papules/patches that feel gritty and rough

34
Q

where do Actinic (solar) keratoses appear

A

sun exposed skin- marker of chronic skin damage

35
Q

what is Bowens disease

A

squamous cell carcinoma in situ- full thickness dysplasia of epidermal keratinocytes

36
Q

where does Bowens disease typically occur

A

lower legs in fairer skin women
torso in men

37
Q

what is Keratoacanthoma

A

Rapidly growing epidermal tumours

38
Q

what is the management of keratoancanthoma

A

surgical excision- may spontaneously resolve within a few months but can be difficult to distinguish between SSC

39
Q

what is cryotherapy

A

extreme cold, liquid nitrogen, applied to tumour to destroy tumour

40
Q

what is curretege

A

use of a curette to scrape or remove tissue from the body

41
Q

what is cautery

A

the use of heat or chemicals to destroy or remove abnormal tissue

42
Q

what is the downside of using cryotherapy in patients with darker skin

A

may cause hypopigmentation in long term

43
Q

weaknesses of using curretege to remove tumour

A

possibly painful
risk dyspigmentation scarring
MUST AVOID SUN

44
Q

topical therapies used to treat dysplastic/pre-malignant skin lesions

A

fluorouracil cream
imiquimod cream

45
Q

what should patients be warned about before using fluoroucil cream

A

lesion may erupt and become worse before it gets better
avoid sun exposure

46
Q

squamous cell carcinoma in situ can also be referred to as what

A

Bowens disease

47
Q

actinic keratosis is the result of DNA damage by which type of UV rays?

A

UVB rays

48
Q

when surgically excising a lesion how much do you excise

A

all of it- 1cm laterally for every 1mm depth

49
Q

what skin cancer looks like a picket fence with a pearly border

A

basal cell carcinoma

My Flashcards Year 2 (47 decks)

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