ENT- emergencies Flashcards
causes of ear lacerations
blunt trauma
avulsion
dog bites
what are the symptoms of CFS leak
persistent clear rhinnorhoea
headache
what is epistaxis
nose bleed
what drugs can cause epistaxis
aspirin
warfarin
who are pinna haematomas most commonly seen in
Rugby players
boxers
how do you treat pinna haematomas
aspiration, incision and drainage
what is the direction of longitudinal temporal bone fractures
parallel to long axis of temporal bone
what is the direction of transverse temporal bone fractures
perpendicular to ear canal- at angle
possible signs and symptoms of temporal bone fractures
facial palsy
hearing loss
CSF leak
battle sign- bruise behind ear
what investigation is carried out to diagnose temporal bone fractures
CT
how are most temporal bone fractures managed
conservatively
what are the possible complications of longitudinal temporal bone fractures
bleeding from external canal
conductive deafness- ossicular chain dysfunction, haematympanum
facial palsy
CFS ottorhoea
what are the possible complications of transverse temporal bone fractures
sensorineural hearing loss- CN VIII damage
damage to facial nerve
vertigo
conductive/sensorineureal hearing loss can occur from longitudinal temporal bone fractures?
conductive
conductive/sensorineureal hearing loss can occur from transverse temporal bone fractures?
sensorineural
nasal trauma- what are important questions to ask
when trauma occurred
loss of consciousness?
epistaxis?
breathing
what needs to be excluded when examining nasal traumas
septal haematomas
how long after nasal fracture should it be reviewed in ENT clinic
5-7 days post-injury
who is there a higher incidence of neck injuries in
males, especially adolescence/YAs
classification of necks injures- what zone is the trachea in
zone I
classification of necks injures- what zone is the larynx in
zone II
classification of necks injures- what zone is the pharynx in
zone III
classification of necks injures- what zone is the oesophagus in
zone I
classification of necks injures- what zone is the thyroid in
zone I
neck injuries- important questions to ask
mechanism of injury
pain
dyspnoea, dysphagia, dysphonia, hoarseness, haemoptysis
CNS problems- paraethesias, weakness
tear drop sign on CT-
orbital floor fracture
what classification is used to measure midfacial fractures
le fort classification
what is a deep neck space infection
extension of infection from tonsil or oropharynx into deeper tissue eg from quinsy
foreign bodies in ear and nose- what foreign body has to be removed immediately
batteries
which surgical management is used to remove swallowed foreign bodies
bronchoscopy
