Child health- physiology Flashcards
the larynx is located higher/lower in children compared to adults
higher
what differs from the epiglottis of a child compared to that of an adult
epiglottis floppy in children
how long is the asocial stage of attachment and what occurs during this stage of a baby’s attachment
0-6 weeks
smiling and crying not directed at specific people
when does the indiscriminate stage of attachment occur and what occurs during this stage of a baby’s attachment
6 weeks-7 months
attention sought from different individuals
when does the specific attachment stage of attachment occur and what occurs during this stage of a baby’s attachment
7 months-11 months
strong attachment to one individual
separation and stranger anxiety
70% of infants have what attachment style
secure attachment
what is attunement
process between caregiver and infant in which they are able to ‘tune in’ to each others physical and emotional states
what is temperament
the basic foundation of personality- someones nature
when does the human brain start to develop
first 3 weeks post-conception
the ectoderm forms which structures
skin
nails
hair
neural tissue
the mesoderm forms which structures
muscle
bone
cartilage
vascular system
the endoderm forms which structures
gut
respiratory system
what is global developmental delay
significant delay in 2+ of:
gross/fine motor
speech/language
cognition
social/personal
ADL
what is global developmental delay termed as in school age
learning disability
examples of common motor delay diseases
Duchenne muscular dystrophy
coordination problems
cerebral palsy
examples of Sensory deficits and associated delay
treacher-collins syndrome
oculocutaneous albinism
what are red flags for development
asymmetry of movement
not reaching for objects by 6 months
unable to sit unsupported by 12 months
unable to walk by 18 months
no speech by 18 months
concerns regarding vision/hearing
loss of skills
3 main factors influencing development
nutritional
genetics
environmental
the average baby is walking by how many months and normal range is up to how many months
12 months
18 months
how old are adolescence
10-19 years
how old are youth
15-24 years
WHO definition of age of ‘young people’
10-24
developmental stages STEP
sexual maturation and growth
thinking
education/employment
peers/parents
topics we might wish to discuss with young people - HEEADSSS
home- home life, relationships
education/employment- progress, financial concerns
eating- weight, body image
activities- peers, physical activity
drugs
sex- activity, orientation, stis
suicidality
safety- risk taking behaviour/criminality
average age of onset of puberty
11 years in girls
11.5 years in boys
gonadotrophins-
FSH
LH
True central precocious puberty is normal pubertal development occurring abnormally early, when?
<8 years in girls
<9 years in boys
Pubertal delay ages
13 in girls
14 in boys
top 5 causes of under 5 mortality
preterm birth complications
pneumonia
intrapartum related complications
diarrhoea
neonatal sepsis
IQ of mild learning disability
50-70
IQ of severe learning disability
<50
at what age should you introduce a cup for drinking in children
6 months
in most very big babies, the mother probably had what-
gestational diabetes
vaccinations given in paeds- DTAP
diphtheria
tetanus
pertussis
vaccinations given in paeds- MMR
mumps
measles
rubella
which vaccines are babies given at 2 months
DTAP, Hib, IPV
pneumococcal
rotavirus
meningococcal B
vaccines given in paeds- HiB
h influenza type B
when are babies given their first, second, and third doses of DTAP, IPV, HiB vaccines?
first- 2 months old
second- 3 months old
third- 4 months old
when are children given their DTAP, IPV, and Hib vaccine boosters?
DTAP, IPV, HIB booster- 3 years, 4 months
DTAP, IPV booster- 14 years
when are children given their MMR vaccines
12-13 months
3 years 4 months
what vaccine are girls age 11-13 given
HPV
which vaccine do children ages 2-11 receive annually
influenza
define-
thelarche
adrenarche
menarche
thelarche- budding of breast tissue
adrenarche- development of body hair and odour
menarche- commencement of menstruation
how old should a child be expected to talk in sentences of 5+ words
4 years old
how many words should a 2 year old be able to know
50+ words
