Child health- physiology Flashcards by Elise Giblin

the larynx is located higher/lower in children compared to adults

higher

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what differs from the epiglottis of a child compared to that of an adult

epiglottis floppy in children

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how long is the asocial stage of attachment and what occurs during this stage of a baby’s attachment

0-6 weeks
smiling and crying not directed at specific people

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when does the indiscriminate stage of attachment occur and what occurs during this stage of a baby’s attachment

6 weeks-7 months
attention sought from different individuals

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when does the specific attachment stage of attachment occur and what occurs during this stage of a baby’s attachment

7 months-11 months
strong attachment to one individual
separation and stranger anxiety

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70% of infants have what attachment style

secure attachment

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what is attunement

process between caregiver and infant in which they are able to ‘tune in’ to each others physical and emotional states

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what is temperament

the basic foundation of personality- someones nature

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when does the human brain start to develop

first 3 weeks post-conception

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the ectoderm forms which structures

skin
nails
hair
neural tissue

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the mesoderm forms which structures

muscle
bone
cartilage
vascular system

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the endoderm forms which structures

gut
respiratory system

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what is global developmental delay

significant delay in 2+ of:
gross/fine motor
speech/language
cognition
social/personal
ADL

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what is global developmental delay termed as in school age

learning disability

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examples of common motor delay diseases

Duchenne muscular dystrophy
coordination problems
cerebral palsy

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examples of Sensory deficits and associated delay

treacher-collins syndrome
oculocutaneous albinism

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what are red flags for development

asymmetry of movement
not reaching for objects by 6 months
unable to sit unsupported by 12 months
unable to walk by 18 months
no speech by 18 months
concerns regarding vision/hearing
loss of skills

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3 main factors influencing development

nutritional
genetics
environmental

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the average baby is walking by how many months and normal range is up to how many months

12 months
18 months

how old are adolescence

10-19 years

how old are youth

15-24 years

WHO definition of age of ‘young people’

10-24

developmental stages STEP

sexual maturation and growth
thinking
education/employment
peers/parents

topics we might wish to discuss with young people - HEEADSSS

home- home life, relationships
education/employment- progress, financial concerns
eating- weight, body image
activities- peers, physical activity
drugs
sex- activity, orientation, stis
suicidality
safety- risk taking behaviour/criminality

average age of onset of puberty

11 years in girls 11.5 years in boys

gonadotrophins-

FSH LH

True central precocious puberty is normal pubertal development occurring abnormally early, when?

<8 years in girls <9 years in boys

Pubertal delay ages

13 in girls 14 in boys

top 5 causes of under 5 mortality

preterm birth complications pneumonia intrapartum related complications diarrhoea neonatal sepsis

IQ of mild learning disability

50-70

IQ of severe learning disability

<50

at what age should you introduce a cup for drinking in children

6 months

in most very big babies, the mother probably had what-

gestational diabetes

vaccinations given in paeds- DTAP

diphtheria tetanus pertussis

vaccinations given in paeds- MMR

mumps measles rubella

which vaccines are babies given at 2 months

DTAP, Hib, IPV pneumococcal rotavirus meningococcal B

vaccines given in paeds- HiB

h influenza type B

when are babies given their first, second, and third doses of DTAP, IPV, HiB vaccines?

first- 2 months old second- 3 months old third- 4 months old

when are children given their DTAP, IPV, and Hib vaccine boosters?

DTAP, IPV, HIB booster- 3 years, 4 months DTAP, IPV booster- 14 years

when are children given their MMR vaccines

12-13 months 3 years 4 months

what vaccine are girls age 11-13 given

HPV

which vaccine do children ages 2-11 receive annually

influenza

define- thelarche adrenarche menarche

thelarche- budding of breast tissue adrenarche- development of body hair and odour menarche- commencement of menstruation

how old should a child be expected to talk in sentences of 5+ words

4 years old

how many words should a 2 year old be able to know

50+ words