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My Flashcards Year 2 > Derm- common rashes > Flashcards

Derm- common rashes Flashcards

1
Q

what is atopic dermatitis

A

eczema is a chronic inflammatory skin condition that causes the skin to become itchy, red, dry, and sometimes cracked or blistered

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2
Q

reaction pattern of eczema

A

spongiotic

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3
Q

eczema is caused by a combination of which main three factors

A

< skin barrier function
environmental factors
immunology

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4
Q

in eczema there is mutations in fillagrin gene resulting in what?

A

decreased AMP in skin

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5
Q

ananthosis

A

thickening of the epidermis

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6
Q

diagnostic criteria of atopic dermatitis is itching plus 3 or more of:

A

visible flexural rash
history of flexural rash
personal history of atopy
dry skin
age onset before 2

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7
Q

when does atopic dermatitis present

A

in childhood

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8
Q

what is allergic contact dermatitis

A

Delayed type IV allergy to an antigen

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9
Q

how long after exposure does reaction occur in allergic contact dermatitis

A

24-48 hours after exposure

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10
Q

investigation for allergic contact dermatitis

A

patch test- allergen on finn chambers, applied on back, removed after 48 hours, readings at 48 and 96 hours

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11
Q

what is irritant contact dermatitis

A

Eczema due to contact with an irritant

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12
Q

secondary infection- crusting in eczema indicates which causative agent?

A

Staph. aureus impetigo

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13
Q

secondary infection- Monomorphic punched-out lesions indicates which causative agent?

A

Herpes simplex virus- eczema herpeticum

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14
Q

what is psoriasis

A

chronic autoimmune disorder characterised by well-demarcated, erythematous, scaly plaques

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15
Q

what are the two age peaks in psoriasis incidences

A

20s
50s

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16
Q

Precipitating factors for psoriasis

A

stress
trauma
alcohol and smoking
infection- strep throat
drugs- beta blockers, lithium, antimalarial drugs

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17
Q

common sites for psoriasis

A

scalp
elbows
knees

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18
Q

systemic therapy in psoriasis

A

eg methotrexate, biologics

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19
Q

Guttate psoriasis appearance

A

multiple small, tear dropped shaped, erythematous plaques on the trunk

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20
Q

cause of Guttate psoriasis

A

streptococcal infection in young adults

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21
Q

treatment of Guttate psoriasis

A

reassurance and a topical emollient

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22
Q

first line treatment in psoriasis

A

potent topical corticosteroid and topical vitamin D preparations

23
Q

nail changes associated with psoriasis

A

nail pitting
Onycholysis
Subungual hyperkeratosis (thickening of nail bed)
“oil-drop” lesions

24
Q

side effects of ciclosporin (5 Hs)

A

hypertrophy of the gums
hypertrichosis
hypertension
hyperkalaemia
hyperglycaemia (diabetes)

25
Q

most common lichenoid disorder

A

lichen planus

26
Q

what are lichenoid disorders

A

conditions characterised by damage to basal epidermis

27
Q

recognised triggers of lichen planus

A

hep c infection
allergic contact dermatitis
localised skin injury/infection
medications

28
Q

nail involvement in lichen planus

A

longitudinal ridging

29
Q

where do cutaneous lichen planus lesions typically appear

A

flexor aspects of the wrist and ankles

30
Q

what is acne vulgaris

A

common chronic disorder of the pilo-sebaceous unit, resulting in blockage of the follicle, formation of comedones and inflammation

31
Q

appearance of lichen planus (5 Ps)

A

purple
pruritic
papular
polygonal
planar (flat topped)

32
Q

what are comodones

A

blackheads/whiteheads- buildup of keratin and sebum

33
Q

what is acne rosacea

A

common skin condition characterised by facial flushing that may be triggered by a number of factors

34
Q

who does acne rosacea most commonly affect

A

middle aged women, particularly those with a fair complexion

35
Q

rosacea triggers

A

sunlight
alcohol
spicy foods
stress

36
Q

what is Rhinophymatous rosacea

A

subtype of rosacea more common in men- swollen, bulbous nose with enlarged sebaceous glands and prominent hair follicles

37
Q

first line treatment for papulopustular rosacea

A

topical ivermectin once daily for 8–12 weeks

38
Q

alternatives to topical ivermectin for papulopustular rosacea

A

topical metronidazole or topical azelaic acid applied twice daily

39
Q

first line treatment for rosacea

A

topical brimonidine 0.5% gel once daily on an ‘as needed’ basis, for temporary relief of symptoms

40
Q

medical treatment of eczema

A
  1. emollients
  2. topical steroids
  3. phototherapy- UVB
  4. systemic immunosuppressants
  5. biologic agents
41
Q

which gene is affected in atopic dermatitis

A

filaggrin gene

42
Q

what is discoid eczema

A

eczema in circle/oval patches

43
Q

other types of eczema which are often atopic too

A

discoid eczema
photosensitive eczema

44
Q

common term used to describe a mild, non-inflamed form of seborrheic dermatitis

A

dandruff

45
Q

what is Auspitz’ sign

A

removing scale reveals pin-point bleeding (psoriasis)

46
Q

what is keobener phenomenon

A

psoriasis may develop in sites of trauma- 2-6 weeks after trauma sustained
- catches, burns (+sunburn), other dermatoses, surgical trauma

47
Q

what is a flexural rash

A

a skin rash that appears in the creases of the body, such as the elbows and knees

48
Q

what is herpes labialis

A

a cold sore

49
Q

mild acne first line treatment

A

topical treatment only

50
Q

moderate acne treatment

A

topical treatment and oral antibiotics/dianette

51
Q

severe acne treatment

A

isotretinoin (roaccutane)

52
Q

what is pityriasis rosea

A

a self limiting rash that resolves after 10 weeks characterised by a herald patch and fir-tree pattern eruption

53
Q

pityriasis rosea triggers

A

viruses- covid 19, flu etc
drugs- gold, ACEi, penicillamine, biologics
vaccines- hep b, pneumococca

54
Q

what is a ‘herald patch’

A

red-pink oval/discoid plaque with scale on trunk/upper arm/thigh

My Flashcards Year 2 (35 decks)

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