Derm- skin infections

Question 1

what is impetigo

Answer 1

highly contagious superficial epidermal infection of the skin primarily caused by staph and strep bacteria; typically affects children

Question 2

who does impetigo most commonly affect

Answer 2

children

Question 3

causative organism of impetigo

Answer 3

staph aureus +/- strep pyogens

Question 4

1st line treatment for impetigo for those who are not systemically unwell

Answer 4

hydrogen peroxide 1% cream

Question 5

2nd line treatment for impetigo

Answer 5

topical antibiotic creams- usually topical fusidic acid, 7 days

Question 6

treatment of extensive/severe impetigo

Answer 6

oral flucloxacillin or clarithromycin 500mg + topical fusidic acid

Question 7

when are patients with impetigo advised that they are no longer contagious

Answer 7

once all lesions have crusted over or 48 hours after starting antibiotic therapy

Question 8

what is cellulitis

Answer 8

bacterial soft tissue infection of the dermis and subcutaneous tissue- deeper skin infection

Question 9

causative organisms of cellulitis

Answer 9

strep pyogens +/- staph aureus

Question 10

risk factors of cellulitis

Answer 10

advancing age
immunocompromised eg diabetic
predisposing skin condition eg ulcers

Question 11

1st line medical management of cellulitis

Answer 11

0.5-1g flucloxacilin

Question 12

management of severe cellulitis

Answer 12

IV flucloxacillin

Question 13

what is ersipelas

Answer 13

superficial form of cellulitis localised to dermis and lymphatic system

Question 14

causative organisms of ersipelas

Answer 14

strep pyogens

Question 15

where on the body does ersipelas most commonly affect

Answer 15

face
lower limbs

Question 16

how does ersipelas appear on the skin

Answer 16

spreading, well distributed, erythematous plaque
can have Butterfly distribution

Question 17

if ersipelas affects face where is the likely source of infection

Answer 17

nasopharynx (possibly recent nasopharyngeal infection)

Question 18

drug used to treat esipelas

Answer 18

flucloxaccilin

Question 19

how does cellulitis usually appear

Answer 19

generalised swelling usually seen in legs
macular hot erythema with ill defined margins often spreading

Question 20

systemic symptoms of cellulitis

Answer 20

fevers
rigours
nausea

Question 21

complications of cellulitis

Answer 21

abscess formation
lymphangitis
sepsis
recurrence of cellulitis
scarring

Question 22

what is necrotising fasciitis

Answer 22

a rapidly progressive infection resulting in extensive necrosis of superficial fascia and overlying subcutaneous fat that can develop into a life-threatening condition within hours

Question 23

risk factors of necrotising fasciitis

Answer 23

poor immune function
obesity
PWIDs
peripheral arterial disease
diabetes

Question 24

how do necrotising fasciitis infections typically enter the body

Answer 24

through a break in the skin such as a burn or a cut

Question 25

symptoms of necrotising fasciitis

Answer 25

systemic- fever, chills, altered mental stasis
diffuse erythema
crepitus
disproportionate pain
purple skin discolouration

Question 26

how do you manage necrotising fasciitis

Answer 26

surgical debridement and antibiotics to culture

Question 27

what is head lice

Answer 27

common condition in children caused by the parasitic insect Pediculus capitis, which lives on and among the scalp of humans

Question 28

what parasitic insect causes head lice

Answer 28

pediculus capitis

Question 29

what do head lice eggs look like

Answer 29

grey or brown
size of pinhead

Question 30

how long do head lice eggs take to hatch

Answer 30

7-10 days

Question 31

what do nits look like

Answer 31

white and shiny

Question 32

treatments of head lice

Answer 32

wet combing
malathion
dimeticone

Question 33

what are bed bugs

Answer 33

bed bugs describe a variety of clinical problems including itchy skin rashes, bites and allergic symptoms secondary to infestation with Cimex Hemipteru

Question 34

first line antibiotic of choice for cellulitis for those with penicillin allergy

Answer 34

doxycycline/clarithromycin