NAILE Written Test Questions Flashcards
Milk coagulation is caused by the presence of what enzyme?
rennin (rennet)
Which yogurt manufacturer pledged to no longer accept milk form cows fed GMO grains?
Dannon
What is the name of the water repelling seed coat on a corn kernel?
pericarp
Calves drinking softened water will have high levels of what mineral?
sodium
A codon is comprised of how many genetic bases?
3
What gland produces oxytocin?
hypothalamus
What acid is present in the abomasum?
Hydrochloric
What is the common name for calcium sulfate?
gypsum
Calcium sulfate is used in dairy feed as a source of what?
calcium and sulfur
What element was sufficiently high in rainfall for crop production, but must be supplemented in fertilizers due to stricter emissions standards?
sulfur
What is the recommended temperature of the water at the beginning of the wash cycle for washing the bulk tank, milking equipment and milk lines?
160º
What is the hormone that is produced by the fetus in response to stress which initiates partuition?
cortisol
What is the recommended maximum number of calves per nipple in an automated calf feeding system?
25 calves
The A-2 beta-casein gene is more prominent in which breed of dairy cattle?
Guernsey
When recommended by your veterinarian, heifers should be treated with a dry cow intro mammary infusion how many days prior to calving?
30 days
What is the process called where the uterus returned to normal size after calving?
Involution
When large amounts of forage are fed, which acid is predominately produced?
acetic acid
How many cows would you expect to breed a third time in a 100 cow breeding herd, with a 50% conception rate?
25
If the farm price received for milk is $14.00 per hundredweight, what is the price receive per pound of milk?
.14 cents
What is the maximum recommended weight difference between the lightest and the heaviest yearling heifers within a group?
200 pounds
What hormone can be administered to cause a corpus luteum to regress?
prostaglandin
In which digestive compartment does metal accumulate?
Reticulum
If two cows that are heterozygous for the polled gene are crossed, what percent of the offspring will be polled?
75%
You purchase 3 tons of heifer feed that contains 18% crude protein. How many pounds of crude protein did you buy?
6000 lbs * 18%=1080 lbs
Which fat soluble vitamin is produced in the rumen?
Vitamin K
Which state has the highest average milk production in 2015?
Colorado
How much feeding space should be provided for recently weaned heifers?
18 inches
What is the name for the most common simple sugar?
Glucose
What is the term for the hormone altering method which causes groups of cows and heifers to show heat at the same time?
Synchronization
Which organic acid is produced in excess when forages are ensiled too wet reducing the palatability of the silage?
butyric acid
What is the name of the waxy substance in the teat duct which helps provide a physical barrier to bacteria?
Keratin
What kind of bedding supports the least amount of bacteria?
Sand
What toxic substance is most likely to be found in drought stressed forages?
Nitrates
The parotid, submaxillary, buccal and palatine are what type of gland?
Salivary gland’s
Which mineral, in addition to copper, is necessary for the proper synthesis of hemoglobin?
iron
Planting annual ryegrass helps remove what minerals from the soil?
Phosphorus
Milk that is used in soft or spoonable dairy products such as ice cream, cottage cheese and yogurt, is described as what class?
Class II
What is the hormone called that can interfere with milk ejection when a cow becomes frightened or upset?
Adrenaline
Which mineral, when severely deficient in the cows diet, often results in calves born with thin hair, hair less, stillborn or enlarged thyroid?
iodine
What is the term used to describe a mature oocyte or sperm?
gamete
What is the biggest enemy of proper silage fermentation in an upright or trench silo?
oxygen
Undegradable describes a protein that avoids a breakdown in which digestive system compartment?
rumen
What are forages that are harvested by grazing animals called?
Pasture
What are the finger like projections that are found in the wall of the rumen?
papillae
What is the solid portion of milk remaining after the removal of whey called?
curd
Your cow has had five bull calves, what is the probability that her next calf will be a bull?
50%
What is the portion of the feed that remains after water has been removed?
Dry matter
What is the yellow body that grows on the ovary?
Corpus luteum
Which breed of dairy cattle is sometimes referred to as Golden?
Guernsey
What term is used to describe forages that are seeded each year and whose growth is completed in one crop year?
Annuals
What organ in the dairy cow produces urine?
kidneys
Everything that affects and animals performance that is not inherited is said to be due to the effects of what?
Environment
What feed stuff commonly used in the dairy industry is a byproduct of the sugarbeet industry?
Beet pulp
What is the most common grain fed to dairy cows in the United States?
corn
When a cow chews her cud what is produced that acts as a natural buffer in the rumen?
saliva
What is the correct name for swelling of the udder?
edema
What is the common name for bovine keratoconjunctivitis?
pink eye
A pH of seven is neutral. What is the term for a pH less than seven?
acidic
What is the name of the manufacturing process which is used to disperse fat evenly throughout milk?
Homogenization
What is the liquid used in freezing and storing semen?
Liquid nitrogen
What organ stores and releases bile in the cow?
Gall Bladder
Which class of nutrients has the most energy per pound?
Fats
What vitamin is known as ascorbic acid?
Vitamin C
What is the technical term for hybrid vigor?
heterosis
A cow on legume pasture is uncomfortable, with her sides bulging out. What do we call her problem?
Bloat
What calving ease score would be recorded for a Holstein cow if the calving were extremely difficult?
5
Which disease occurring in dairy cattle causes undulant fever in humans?
Brucellosis (Bangs disease)
What class of milk is used for the production of ice cream?
Class II
Which region of the United States has the largest average herd size?
West
What type of cheese is used for the purpose of calculating Cheese Yield Dollars?
Cheddar
What is the name given to the hole in Emmentaler or Swiss cheese?
Eyes
Two black and white red carrier Holsteins are mated; what percentage of their offspring would be expected to be red and white?
25%
Which breed of dairy cattle is affected by the condition known as Spiderleg?
Brown Swiss
What is the name of the sugar which is found in semen?
Fructose
The USDA routinely surveys the milk production in the top producing states. How many states are included in the survey?
23
What is the term for feed material found in the small intestine of a cow?
chyme
A deficiency of hemoglobin, iron, or red blood cells that prevents adequate transport of oxygen by blood to tissues is known as what?
anemia
Which vitamin is important in the regulation of calcium and phosphorus?
Vitamin D
Name the cheese which is said to be shaped like a cannon ball.
Edam
What hormone is secreted by the uterus that inhibits FSH release?
Inhibin
A defect in the JH1 haplotype is associated with what trait in Jersey cows?
Infertility
What mineral is needed by the dairy cow in the greatest quantity?
potassium
What test is conducted by injecting a small amount of an antibody into the caudal fold of the tail?
tubercleosis
Which month has been designated as cheese month?
October
Which breed passes on the lowest percentage of antibodies from Dam to Calf?
Holstein (5.6%)
What term describes a dairy cow’s vision?
Panoramic
What is the recommended temperature for the pasteurization of waste milk for calves when using and on-farm batch pasteurizer?
145º
Which VFA provides most of the energy used to develop the rumen wall?
butyric acid
What is the branch of biotechnology that is concerned with applying molecular biology to the genetic mapping and DNA sequencing of genes?
genomics
What is the one word term given to the measure of a farm’s available assets which can be readily converted to cash?
Liquidity
Which of the contiguous states in the United States has its own system for producer payment?
California
What is the primary milk protein?
casein
What are the hereditary units that are passed onto the offspring the other sperm and egg, which influence the expression of specific traits?
genes
How many cells are there in an embryo after four cell divisions?
16
Dairy cows typically reach their mature wait in which lactation?
third
Which bovine stomach compartment is highly acidic?
abomasum
If a black and white non-carrier Holstein cow is made it to a red and white Holstein bull, what percentage of the Cavs should be red and white?
0
Vitamin D helps prevent what nutritional disorder in calves?
rickets
Where in the body would you find most of the phosphorus reserves?
bone
What is the highest grade of butter sold in the United States?
Grade AA
What is the name of the plant component within the neutral detergent fiber (NDF) fraction which is indigestible?
lignin
FSH is secreted by which gland?
pituitary
What is the scientific term for the act of giving birth?
partuition
What a metabolic disorder often occurs when a dairy cow eats too much grain?
acidosis
What is the largest stomach compartment of the newborn calf?
abomasum
The amount of cheese that can be manufactured from 1 pound of milk is most affected by which component of the milk?
protein
Which breed of dairy cow has the lowest incidence of dystocia?
Jersey
What term is used to describe a transition cow with a body condition score of four or above?
over-conditioned
What is the name of the clusters of secretory cells in the mammary gland that are arranged in great like structures?
alveoli
Somatic cell counts are generally highest during which season?
summer
What is the term when a calf is born dead or dies within 24 hours of birth?
stillbirth
What is the standardized milk fat percent of whole milk in most states?
3.25%
What hormone is found in CIDR vaginal inserts?
Progesterone
Lactobacillus bacteria are beneficial bacteria which are commonly consumed by humans and what common food?
yogurt
Name the master gland which controls the estrous cycle.
pituitary
Milk production in high producing cows begins to decrease when the THI exceeds what level?
68
What is the more common name for bovine respiratory disease?
pneumonia
Which element commonly found in air negatively impacts the quality of silage both as it is being ensiled and as it is being fed?
oxygen
Which body organ converts fats to usable energy?
liver
Which gland produces the milk-let-down hormone?
hypothalamus
In which state would we find the most cows producing organic milk?
California
There are numerous mycotoxins which can be found in feedstuffs. Which is the only mycotoxin regulated by the Food and Drug Administration?
aflatoxin
Which organ secretes digestive enzyme into the small intestine?
pancreas
What is the major rumen VFA used for fat synthesis by the udder?
acetate
Dextrose, steroids and propylene glycol are common treatment for what metabolic disease?
ketosis
Feeding changes should be made gradually to allow the growth of what structure in the digestive system?
rumen papillae
What is the technical term for the eversion of the teat orifice?
hyperkeratosis
What is the more common name for hyperketonemia?
ketosis
Volatile fatty acids are the main source of energy for the dairy cow. Where are the VFA’s produced?
rumen
What is the name of the new milk promotion campaign sponsored by MilkPEP?
Milk Life
What is the scientific term for the transition from active milk synthesis to the non-lactating state?
involution
What is the name of the fetal component of the placental attachment?
cotyledons
What is the technical term for the movement of nitrates through the soil and into the ground water?
leaching
Which company is the largest dairy processor in the United States?
Nestle
What is the scientific word for formation of milk during established lactation?
galactopoiesis
