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Dairy Bowl > 2018 Submitted Questions > Flashcards

2018 Submitted Questions Flashcards

1
Q

The mammary glands of a cow is commonly referred to as what?

A

Udder

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2
Q

When does actual lactation begin?

A

calving

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3
Q

What is the name of the first milk produced by the cow?

A

colostrum

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4
Q

How many hours a day should a cow spend lying in a stall resting and making milk?

A

10-14 hours

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5
Q

Name the substance that seals the teat end between milkings.

A

keratin

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6
Q

When one quarter of the mammary gland does not secrete milk, that quarter is called what?

A

blind quarter

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7
Q

What hormone is responsible for milk let-down?

A

oxytocin

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8
Q

What is the name of the hormone that is produced by the cow when it senses fear or pain?

A

Adrenaline

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9
Q

On the farm, testing milk at what location is the best indicator of milk quality?

A

bulk tank

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10
Q

Milk-mineral deposits on milk handling equipment are known as what?

A

milk stones

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11
Q

Mastitis occurs when microorganisms enter a cow’s udder through which what opening?

A

teat canal

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12
Q

On a medication label a farmer will find the number of hours or days milk must be withheld or discarded once the medication has been given. This time frame is known as what?

A

withdrawal time

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13
Q

When washing milking equipment, most cleaning chemicals work best at what temperature?

A

160 degrees F

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14
Q

What cowside test uses a four-compartment paddle and a blue substance to test a sample of milk from each quarter?

A

California Mastitis Test (CMT)

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15
Q

In a milking system, the automatic valve that allows air to enter or exit the shell alternately is known as the what?

A

pulsator

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16
Q

How often should a farmer inspect all inflations and short air tubes of the milking system for holes, tears and cracks?

A

once a week (weekly)

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17
Q

Which type of milking parlor is best suited for large herds?

A

rotary parlors

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18
Q

Forage cut and chopped in the field and fed directly to livestock is known as what?

A

green chop

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19
Q

What element is necessary for the establishment of legumes?

A

phosphorus

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20
Q

Which type of fly spreads pinkeye?

A

face fly

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21
Q

What common fungus infection invades the hair follicles and the outer layer of skin?

A

ringworm

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22
Q

What respiratory disease often develops in cattle after being transported by truck or rail?

A

shipping fever

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23
Q

Areas of grassland installed between cropland or feedlots and waterways to take up nutrients and prevent nutrients from running off into water are called what?

A

buffer strips

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24
Q

A calf’s birth weight should double by how many weeks of age?

A

56

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25
Q

What is the most important consideration when choosing a calf for showing?

A

overall physical correctness

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26
Q

Holstein Foundation’s book Showring Ready suggests recording a calf’s growth how often?

A

monthly

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27
Q

What is the ideal temperature for raising calves?

A

68 degrees F

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28
Q

Care of what part of the dairy animal has a large impact on the animal’s general health, as well as how she walks and looks in the showring?

A

hooves (hoof care)

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29
Q

What type of halter should be used when training your dairy animal?

A

nylon rope halter

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30
Q

A dairy animal born between December 1 and February 28, 2017 would be entered into what class in a dairy show this spring?

A

Winter yearling heifer

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31
Q

Name the three characteristics of a mammal.

A

1) hair 2) warm-blooded 3) nourish young with milk

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32
Q

Name two factors that can influence feed intake.

A

consistency of feed, quality of feed, quantity of feed, digestibility of feed

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33
Q

Name three metabolic diseases.

A

displaced abomasum, fatty liver, ketosis, milk fever, retained placenta

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34
Q

There are several procedures one must follow to ensure proper milking. Name three steps you must take for proper milking procedures.

A

provide a consistent routine, wear gloves, keep clean, pre-dip, forestrip, clean teats, attach and align milking unit after proper stimulation, remove milking unit properly, post-dip teats

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35
Q

Name the two categories of mastitis causing organisms.

A

contagious and environmental

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36
Q

How many phases are there to the lactation cycle?

A

4

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37
Q

Milk production increases in dairy cattle until they are what age?

A

8 or “about 8”

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38
Q

A mature dairy cow produces about what percent more milk than a two-year-old cow?

A

25%

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39
Q

What is the final storage area of milk before the cow is milked?

A

teat cistern

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40
Q

What hormone stimulates the epithelial cells to produce milk?

A

prolactin

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41
Q

What glands or nodes act as filters that destroy and remove bacteria from the udder?

A

supramammary lymph glands or nodes

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42
Q

What is the purpose of the Fürstenburg’s rosette?

A

helps prevent the escape of milk between milking

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43
Q

What percent of calves are born with extras teats?

A

50.0%

44
Q

Extra teats should be remove from a dairy animal before it reaches what age?

A

one year old

45
Q

During which period of lactation does milk production continue to increase for several weeks?

A

Early lactation or Stage 1

46
Q

Because of rapid milk production and a reduced feed intake, a cow may begin to lose weight. This situation is called what?

A

negative energy balance

47
Q

During mid lactation cows should be eating what percentage of their body weight?

A

4%

48
Q

Protein requirements are reduced during what phase of lactation?

A

Mid lactation

49
Q

Milk yield is reduced if the dry period is less than how many days?

A

less than 40 days

50
Q

Once milking has ceased and the cow is dried off what process happens to the uterus?

A

involution

51
Q

Typically, cows are bred during what phase of lactation?

A

Early lactation for stage one

52
Q

What metabolic disease, which usually occurs during the first month of lactation, can be treated by walking, rolling, or surgery?

A

displaced abomasum

53
Q

What metabolic disease is caused by an accumulation of fat within the cow’s liver?

A

fatty liver

54
Q

What is the common name for hypocalcaemia?

A

milk fever

55
Q

What is the condition called when a cow fails to expel fetal membranes within 24 hours after calving?

A

Retained placenta

56
Q

During ketosis, what acids are transported to the liver in greater quantities than can be metabolized?

A

fatty acids

57
Q

Many hormones involved in mammary growth are also responsible for the development of what?

A

the fetus

58
Q

Extended periods of what will increase concentrations of prolactin during milk production?

A

Extended periods of light

59
Q

Stimulation of the memory glands and the teats in particular, result in the secretion of what hormone?

A

oxytocin

60
Q

The hormone oxytocin travels through the blood to the mammary gland and causes what cells to contract, which squeeze milk into the lower udder ducts?

A

myoepithelial cells

61
Q

What is the most common reason milk from dairy farms is contaminated with antibiotic residues?

A

Accidental human error

62
Q

The National Mastitis Council defines the somatic cell count for a healthy mammary gland as how many cells per milliliter?

A

150,000 to 200,000 cells/mL

63
Q

What design of milking parlor is best suited for large herds?

A

rotary parlors

64
Q

What common test reflects a feed’s bulk and can determine how much a cow can fit in her digestive system?

A

neutral detergent fiber (NDF)

65
Q

For most crops, a dry matter content of what percent is optimal for silage making?

A

25-35%

66
Q

Give 3 examples of cereal grains.

A

corn, wheat, barley, oats, rye and sorghum

67
Q

What one simple action performed by the milkers, will help minimize the spread of pathogens?

A

Thoroughly washing their hands with soap and water

68
Q

The myoepithelial cells of the mammary gland are arranged in what shape and why?

A

the myoepithelial cells are arranged in a star shape because it allows them to cover a large area and provide maximum contraction potential

69
Q

Name 3 benefits to clipping udder hairs.

A

reduced exposure to bacteria, improved milk somatic cell counts, a decrease in udder preparation
time, an increase in milking speed, a decrease in bacterial counts of milk, improved teat disinfection
function, improved cleanliness of milker’s hands and milking units, improved milk sediment scores, a
reduction in the number of towels needed to wash and dry udders.

70
Q

Name three factors which can influence feed intake.

A

consistency of feed, quality of feed, quantity of feed,

digestibility of feed

71
Q

The automatic valve that allows air to enter or exit the shell alternately is known as what part of the milking system?

A

pulsator

72
Q

Name the mechanical device used in the milk tank for stirring the milk to facilitate cooling and provide a uniform mixture for sampling.

A

agitator

73
Q

When considering the milking equipment, what is considered a good average claw vacuum level?

A

10.5Hg to 12.5Hg

74
Q

When discussing silage, limiting the inclusion of what element will help the feed ferment and preserve properly, and prevent the growth of molds?

A

oxygen

75
Q

What common test reflects a feed’s bulk and can determine how much a cow can fit in her digestive system?

A

neutral detergent fiber (NDF)

76
Q

What two female hormones are not necessary for the maintenance of lactation?

A

Estrogen and progesterone

77
Q

Digestion of cellulose and hemicellulose is possible only because the rumen microorganisms secrete what two enzymes?

A

cellulase and hemicellulase

78
Q

What is the pH of the abomasum?

A

pH 2

79
Q

What is the name of a substance that is required for an enzyme to function properly?

A

cofactor

80
Q

What is the singular form of the word “alveoli’?

A

alveolus

81
Q

What part of the mammary gland serves as the final storage area of milk before the cow is milked?

A

teat cistern

82
Q

At the end of milking, reduced udder pressure increases the flow of blood to the udder, and as a result what cells start to replenish the milk supply?

A

epithelial cells

83
Q

During involution, what major protein is found in mammary secretions which helps with disease resistance?

A

lactoferrin

84
Q

What common metabolic disease is treated with propylene glycol drenches or glucose injections into the vein?

A

ketosis

85
Q

Define galactopoesis.

A

maintenance of lactation

86
Q

What hormone travels via the blood to the mammary gland and results in the physical removal of milk from the alveoli?

A

Oxytocin

87
Q

What simple action is considered the key to optimal milking performance?

A

proper stimulation

88
Q

What is considered the biggest problem during milking machine attachment?

A

Letting in too much air

89
Q

What milk quality test is usually related to the hygiene of milkers and cleanliness of equipment?

A

preliminary incubation count (PI)

90
Q

What type of milking parlor makes milking the cows a very labor intensive process?

A

a tie-stall barn

91
Q

How long is the streak canal?

A

¼ to ½ inch

92
Q

The word “ruminant” comes from the Latin word ruminare, which means what?

A

to chew over again

93
Q

What is the term used to describe a period of increased growth rate that follows a growth restriction imposed earlier in the heifer’s life?

A

compensatory growth

94
Q

What type of seeds contain high levels of unsaturated fatty acids?

A

Whole oil seeds

95
Q

What is the most desirable acid produced during ensiling?

A

lactic acid

96
Q

What process increases starch digestibility of corn silage?

A

kernel processing

97
Q

The Worker Protection Standard is an Environmental Protection Agency program designed to protect the nation’s agricultural workers from what?

A

pesticides

98
Q

The producer lead effort to build consumer trust and confidence in the dairy industry’s commitment to animal well-being is called what?

A

National Dairy Animal Well-Being Initiative

99
Q

What two female reproductive hormones are secreted by the anterior pituitary gland?

A

FSH, LH (follicle stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone

100
Q

The female reproductive hormone prostaglandin is produced by what organ?

A

uterus

101
Q

What is the most important feature when selecting tags or brands for identification?

A

visibility

102
Q

Name three ways contagious organism can be passed from cow to cow.

A

milker’s hands, milking equipment, udder towels, wash water

103
Q

Name three conditions that can result in poor quality colostrum.

A

Cows dry less than 3 to 4 weeks, pre-milking, young cow, dirty udder and teats, leaking teats

104
Q

Name three systems of calf housing.

A

Calf hutch, elevated stalls, pens on the floor, cold calf housing system, counter-slope system

105
Q

Name three methods of charging for heifer grower services.

A

Per animal per day, per animal, per pound of gain, feed plus yardage, option to purchase

106
Q

Name three disadvantages of grazing.

A

Inconsistent quality, inconsistent quantity, distance from parlor, unable to balance ration properly, lower forage yield per acre

Dairy Bowl (57 decks)

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