2015 Questions Submitted Flashcards
Name the structure that holds the uterus and ovaries in their proper position.
Broad ligament
The process of releasing an ovum from the follicle on the ovary is known by what term?
ovulation
What is the name of the temporary gland that forms on the ovary after the ovum is released?
Corpus luteum, or yellow body
GnRH causes the release of which two reproductive hormones?
LH and FSH
Name the technical term for the act of giving birth.
partuition
Which reproductive hormone helps deliver the calf, by causing the tissue in the birth canal to relax?
Relaxin
Through which structure does the fetus receives all of its nutrients?
placenta
How many phases of the estrous cycle are there?
2 phases
The period of heat in dairy cattle is known as what?
estrus
What is the most reliable sign of estrus?
Standing to be mounted
What is the most common reason a cow does not come back into heat?
Pregnancy
The thin cylinder used to preserve frozen semen is known by what term?
A French straw
What element is used to freeze and store semen?
nitrogen (liquid form)
Which breed of dairy cattle has the longest gestation period?
Brown Swiss
Name the hormone released by a pregnant cow, which is triggered by her calf’s response to stress, that initiates parturition.
cortisol
Name the two male reproductive hormones which stimulate sperm production.
FSH and LH
What is the main function of a bull’s testes?
to produce sperm and to produce the male sex hormones
Sterility describes an animal that cannot do what?
cannot reproduce
After the ovum is fertilized, where does the fetus grow and develop?
uterus
What is the number one reason for culling in U.S. dairy herds?
reproductive failure
The period of time from one calving until the next calving, is known by what term?
calving interval
How long is the most common Voluntary Waiting Period?
60 days
What do the letters SCR stand for in regard to dairy cattle reproduction?
sire conception rate
At what time of day should vaccinations be given?
In the morning
How long before a show, should your animal’s hooves be trimmed?
at least one month before a show
Where should the nose piece of a nylon halter be positioned on a dairy animal?
halfway between the nostrils and the eyes
In the male reproductive system, where are mature sperm stored?
epididymus
What type of knot should be used to secure your animal?
quick release slip knot
Name 1 of the 3 common bovine ailments that will make an animal ineligible for a show.
warts, pinkeye, ringworm
Give 5 signs a cow is near calving.
udder full, vulva enlarged, mucus discharge, relaxation of ligaments at tail head, restlessness
Name 4 aspects of good housing for heifers.
clean, dry, well-ventilated, protected from drafts, shade from sun, protection from weather
Why is it important to feed a calf appropriate amounts of grain and silage?
To ensure maximum growth potential of the calf, without excessive weight gain
Why is dehorning of calves an encouraged management practice in the dairy industry?
for the safety of the animal, other animals and people
In the show ring, what actions would you take to get your dairy animal to move backwards?
apply pressure to the point of shoulder with the fingertips of your right hand and apply backward pressure to the halter
Name the site where semen is deposited during natural service and during AI.
Natural - vagina
AI - in uterus
What are the two main functions of the ovaries?
Production of eggs AND
Secretes hormones essential for reproduction
What percentage of the cow’s ova were present at birth?
100%
After release from the follicle, how many hours will the ovum be fertile?
6-12 hours
Which reproductive hormone is produced in the hypothalamus of both cows and bulls?
Gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH)
Which female reproductive hormone is produced by the corpus luteum?
progesterone
What function does prostaglandin have in the female reproductive cycle?
Destroys the corpus luteum
What is the purpose of the female reproductive hormone prolactin?
Stimulate the udder to grow and start producing milk.
Approximately how many follicular waves occur during an estrous cycle in cattle?
2-3 follicular waves
Identify the condition when the physical signs of heat are difficult to detect.
Silent heat
Where are E. Coli and Klebsiella sp. bacteria most commonly found on a dairy farm?
in organic matter, including bedding and manure
Which bedding material is associated with an increase risk in mastitis caused by the bacteria Klebsiella sp.?
sawdust
How is the teat end most commonly exposed to the E. Coli bacteria?
dirty bedding
Since both E. Coli and Klebsiella sp. bacteria will infect mammary glands through environmental contact, what should be done to help prevent exposure to them?
keep stalls clean
The use of which inorganic bedding material will help reduce contamination by bacteria?
sand, recycled sand must be washed and properly dried
Name 1 of the 2 times when new cases of mastitis are most likely to occur?
early lactation, after drying off
Which vaccine has shown to be effective at reducing the number of S. Aureus infections?
Lysigin vaccine
Where do mycoplasma infections come from?
from purchased animals with unknown health status
Name one way in which mycoplasma infections are spread.
improper sanitation of milking equipment, airborne transmission
Name one of the best ways to prevent further infections of mycoplasma mastitis?
maintain a closed herd, culture replacement heifer and cows before contact with other animals
Name one of the 3 places where the Staphylococcua aureus bacteria persist in dairy cattle?
mammary glands, teat canals, teat lesions
