2013 Submitted JR Flashcards
Name three characteristics of calf-housing that must be followed to insure healthy animals.
clean, dry, draft-free, well-ventilated
Name 3 types of calf-housing.
calf-hutch, elevated stalls, pens on the floor, cold calf housing system, counter-slope system
Give 3 advantages to the use of calf hutches.
easily moved, prevents spread of disease from one calf to another, better ventilation
Name 4 points to consider when selecting a calf as a project animal.
age, breed, health, pedigree, conformation
Name the 3 stages of a famale dairy animal’s life.
calf, heifer, cow
Name 3 of the critical factors in colostrum management.
quantity, quality, timing, cleanliness
Give 3 physical factors that contribute to pneumonia in calves.
drafts, chilling, dampness, poor ventilation
Name the 3 important numbers found on every fertilizer label.
nitrogen, phosphate, potash
Give 3 advantages of composting manure.
reduces volume, doesn’t attract flies and insects, reduces potential for runoff, weeds and pathogens destroyed, more uniform than manure, reduces fretilizer needs, excellent soil conditioner
To determine when to wean a calf a farmer should watch the grain intake of the calf. How much grain should the calf eat and for how many consecutive days should it eat this amount, before weaning?
1.5 pounds for 3 days
Water in the soil is known as __________.
groundwater
The movement of nutrients across the surface of soils to surface water like stream and rivers is called _______________.
runoff
Contour cropping, reduced tillage and wind breaks are 3 methods of reducing what?
soil erosion
What is the name of the on-farm tool used to measure colostrum?
colostrometer
Heifers account for what percent of total farm expenses on many dairy operations?
15-20 percent
When a calf nurses, milk travels through the ____________ bypassing the rumen and reticulum, going directly to the omasum.
esophgeal groove
What term describes the act of taking a young animal off of milk as the main source of nutrition?
weaning
What is the most important factor to consider in determining when to breed a heifer?
body size
Heifers usually show heats at what percent of mature bodyweight?
40%
The main criterion that should be used for deciding when to wean a calf is the intake of ______.
grain
Approximately how old is a calf when it begins to chew its cud?
2-3 weeks
At about what age should calves be dehorned?
about 3 weeks
The term used to describe extra teats is __________ teats.
supernumerary
Warm calf housing is calf housing in which what is controlled?
environmental temperature
The letters AFC are used to describe the age of _______.
age at first calving
What is the term used to describe areas of grassland installed between cropland or feedlots and waterways to take up nutrients and prevent nutrients from running off into water?
buffer strips
The letters IPM refer to this practice.
integrated pest management
What is the term used to describe a protein that acts as a catalyst in starting or speeding up specific chemical reactions?
enzyme
Name a hormone produced by the pancreas that promotes cell growth and division.
insulin
The parathyroid gland is responsible for mobilizing what mineral from the bone?
calcium
Tendons connect mucle to bone. What connects bone to bone?
ligaments
What hormone is released by the pineal gland in repsonse to longer day length?
melatonin
The external pudic artery is the main artery suppling blood to what organ?
udder
According to the American Veterinary Medical Association, what term describes the ethical responsibilty of ensuring animal well-being?
animal welfare
Hazard Analysis of Critical Control Points is a system of quality control that identifies where what occurs most often?
mistakes
Name one reason why a DHIA record may be terminated.
cow dried off, aborted, died
What percentage of the mature dairy cow’s ova were present at birth?
100%
After its release from the follicle, how long is the fertile life of an ovum?
6-12 hours
One of the main functions of the ovary is secretion of hormones that are essential for what?
reproduction
In terms of reproduction, what do the letters SCR represent?
sire conception rate
What structure in the dairy cow’s body holds the uterus and ovaries in their proper position?
broad ligament
Which of the female dairy cattle’s hormones is responsible for destruction or regression of the corpus luteum?
prostaglandin
Name one of the two phases of the estrous cycle.
follicular, luteal
Most embryo transfers are conducting how many days after breeding?
7 or 8
The fetus receives all of its nutrients through what structure?
placenta
The period of pregnancy is known by what term?
gestation
What breed of dairy cattle has the longest gestation period?
brown swiss
Fertilization takes place in which organ of the reproductive system?
oviduct
Name the term used to describe a fertilized ovum.
zygote
What is the number one reason for culling in U.S. dairy herds?
reproductive failure
