2013 Submitted JR

Question 1

Name three characteristics of calf-housing that must be followed to insure healthy animals.

Answer 1

clean, dry, draft-free, well-ventilated

Question 2

Name 3 types of calf-housing.

Answer 2

calf-hutch, elevated stalls, pens on the floor, cold calf housing system, counter-slope system

Question 3

Give 3 advantages to the use of calf hutches.

Answer 3

easily moved, prevents spread of disease from one calf to another, better ventilation

Question 4

Name 4 points to consider when selecting a calf as a project animal.

Answer 4

age, breed, health, pedigree, conformation

Question 5

Name the 3 stages of a famale dairy animal’s life.

Answer 5

calf, heifer, cow

Question 6

Name 3 of the critical factors in colostrum management.

Answer 6

quantity, quality, timing, cleanliness

Question 7

Give 3 physical factors that contribute to pneumonia in calves.

Answer 7

drafts, chilling, dampness, poor ventilation

Question 8

Name the 3 important numbers found on every fertilizer label.

Answer 8

nitrogen, phosphate, potash

Question 9

Give 3 advantages of composting manure.

Answer 9

reduces volume, doesn’t attract flies and insects, reduces potential for runoff, weeds and pathogens destroyed, more uniform than manure, reduces fretilizer needs, excellent soil conditioner

Question 10

To determine when to wean a calf a farmer should watch the grain intake of the calf. How much grain should the calf eat and for how many consecutive days should it eat this amount, before weaning?

Answer 10

1.5 pounds for 3 days

Question 11

Water in the soil is known as __________.

Answer 11

groundwater

Question 12

The movement of nutrients across the surface of soils to surface water like stream and rivers is called _______________.

Answer 12

runoff

Question 13

Contour cropping, reduced tillage and wind breaks are 3 methods of reducing what?

Answer 13

soil erosion

Question 14

What is the name of the on-farm tool used to measure colostrum?

Answer 14

colostrometer

Question 15

Heifers account for what percent of total farm expenses on many dairy operations?

Answer 15

15-20 percent

Question 16

When a calf nurses, milk travels through the ____________ bypassing the rumen and reticulum, going directly to the omasum.

Answer 16

esophgeal groove

Question 17

What term describes the act of taking a young animal off of milk as the main source of nutrition?

Answer 17

weaning

Question 18

What is the most important factor to consider in determining when to breed a heifer?

Answer 18

body size

Question 19

Heifers usually show heats at what percent of mature bodyweight?

Answer 19

40%

Question 20

The main criterion that should be used for deciding when to wean a calf is the intake of ______.

Answer 20

grain

Question 21

Approximately how old is a calf when it begins to chew its cud?

Answer 21

2-3 weeks

Question 22

At about what age should calves be dehorned?

Answer 22

about 3 weeks

Question 23

The term used to describe extra teats is __________ teats.

Answer 23

supernumerary

Question 24

Warm calf housing is calf housing in which what is controlled?

Answer 24

environmental temperature

Question 25

The letters AFC are used to describe the age of _______.

Answer 25

age at first calving

Question 26

What is the term used to describe areas of grassland installed between cropland or feedlots and waterways to take up nutrients and prevent nutrients from running off into water?

Answer 26

buffer strips

Question 27

The letters IPM refer to this practice.

Answer 27

integrated pest management

Question 28

What is the term used to describe a protein that acts as a catalyst in starting or speeding up specific chemical reactions?

Answer 28

enzyme

Question 29

Name a hormone produced by the pancreas that promotes cell growth and division.

Answer 29

insulin

Question 30

The parathyroid gland is responsible for mobilizing what mineral from the bone?

Answer 30

calcium

Question 31

Tendons connect mucle to bone. What connects bone to bone?

Answer 31

ligaments

Question 32

What hormone is released by the pineal gland in repsonse to longer day length?

Answer 32

melatonin

Question 33

The external pudic artery is the main artery suppling blood to what organ?

Answer 33

udder

Question 34

According to the American Veterinary Medical Association, what term describes the ethical responsibilty of ensuring animal well-being?

Answer 34

animal welfare

Question 35

Hazard Analysis of Critical Control Points is a system of quality control that identifies where what occurs most often?

Answer 35

mistakes

Question 36

Name one reason why a DHIA record may be terminated.

Answer 36

cow dried off, aborted, died

Question 37

What percentage of the mature dairy cow’s ova were present at birth?

Answer 37

100%

Question 38

After its release from the follicle, how long is the fertile life of an ovum?

Answer 38

6-12 hours

Question 39

One of the main functions of the ovary is secretion of hormones that are essential for what?

Answer 39

reproduction

Question 40

In terms of reproduction, what do the letters SCR represent?

Answer 40

sire conception rate

Question 41

What structure in the dairy cow’s body holds the uterus and ovaries in their proper position?

Answer 41

broad ligament

Question 42

Which of the female dairy cattle’s hormones is responsible for destruction or regression of the corpus luteum?

Answer 42

prostaglandin

Question 43

Name one of the two phases of the estrous cycle.

Answer 43

follicular, luteal

Question 44

Most embryo transfers are conducting how many days after breeding?

Answer 44

7 or 8

Question 45

The fetus receives all of its nutrients through what structure?

Answer 45

placenta

Question 46

The period of pregnancy is known by what term?

Answer 46

gestation

Question 47

What breed of dairy cattle has the longest gestation period?

Answer 47

brown swiss

Question 48

Fertilization takes place in which organ of the reproductive system?

Answer 48

oviduct

Question 49

Name the term used to describe a fertilized ovum.

Answer 49

zygote

Question 50

What is the number one reason for culling in U.S. dairy herds?

Answer 50

reproductive failure