2012 & other INT Dairy Bowl Exam Questions Flashcards
What is the largest cost in milk production?
feed
How many pounds of whole milk does it take to make 1 gallon of ice cream?
12 pounds
The portion of feed that remains after water has been removed by drying in an oven is called ___.
dry matter
The Red and White Dairy Cattle Association allows what animals in their registry?
they have an open herdbook with different levels of registry and allows different breeds in their herdbook
What is the highest grade of butter sold in the US?
Grade AA
How many breeds of dairy cattle are recognized by the PDCA?
7
When making cheese, what is the liquid portion called?
whey
Minerals required by the dairy cow in very small amounts are known as___?
microminerals or trace minerals
If a cow was successfully bred on March 10th, in what month would he calve?
December
What is the document called that establishes the standards for Grade A milk?
FMMO - Federal Milk arketing Orders
What is the primary acid found in the abomasum?
hydrochloric acid
What is the most costly disease in dairy cattle?
mastitis
Name a product found under Class III milks?
cream cheese & hard manufactured cheese
When is National Ice Cream Month?
July
Where is the MD Dairy Shrine located?
Keedysville MD
What is the name of the disease caused from a buildup of ketones in the body?
ketosis OR acetonemia
The main function of the large intestine is:
water absorbtion and waste storage
What age are calves at normal weaning?
weaning can occur when they can consume 1.5 lbs grain per day for 3 days sometime between 4-8 weeks
What is the name of the liquid found in the small intestine?
chyme
The external pudic artery is the main atery supplying blood to what?
udder
What is the common name for infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis?
pink eye
A colostrometer measures the amount of:
quantity of antibodies present in the colostrum, which determines quality
What is the proper name for Milk Fever?
Parturient Paresis
What is a trocar?
instrument used to puncture rumen in cases of bloat
The subcutaneous abdominal veins are also called what?
milk veins
What is the most important factor to consider when determining when to breed a heifer for the first time?
body size
What is the primary use for bovine somatotropin in dairy cows?
increased milk production, improve efficiency, lower cost for producing milk
What is typicaly the greatest contributing cost of producing milk?
feed costs
What organ is responsible for the production of bile?
liver
Typically how often is a dairy goat milk each day?
twice a day
Name one function of progesterone.
necessary for the maintenance of pregnancy, inhibits the release of GnRH from hypothalamus, quiets reproductive tract
What is a cow called that is currently not lactating, but has been through a lactation before?
dry cow
What is a multiparous cow?
a cow in her second or greater lactation
What modern breed of dairy cow is considered the oldest?
Brown Swiss
Name one way a dairy goat uses the protein from her diet.
protein needed for growth, maintenace, reproduction and lactation (production)
During what stage of lactation does a cow lose weight?
early lactation
Name two types of storage for sialge.
bunker silo, trench silo, upright/tower silo, plastic bag, oxygen limiting silo
What is another name for the corpus luteum?
yellow body
Name two products made from the cream separated from milk.
half & half, sour half & half, acidified sour half & half, light cream, heavy cream, whipping cream, cream in aerosol cans, sour cream, acidified sour cream, reduced fat sour cream, butter
How many srams of fat are in each cup of skim milk?
0
What fast food chain uses the mosy milk?
McDonald’s
Tiny finer-like projections line the wall of which stomach compartment?
rumen
Which organ secretes the buffers that neutralize the acid from the stomach?
pancreas
What are the two most important practices in the reduction of foot problems?
hoof trimming, foot baths
Name one of the three basic requirements of good calf housing.
clean, dry, well-ventilated, draft-free
What two simple sugars are linked to form the disaccharide Lactose?
glucose and galactose
Name one of the two most popular cheese in America.
Mozarella and cheddar
What is a common cause of an oxidized flavor in milk?
exposing milk to sunlight or copper bearing surfaces
What are two supplies you would need to perform a dry matter analysis on silage at home?
microwave oven, paper plate, gram scale, water glass
Why would a dairyman include sodium bentonite in a dairy cattle ration?
sodium bentonite acts as a buffer and a farmer would add a buffer for any of the following reasons: increase fat test, aid in adjusting to high energy ration, improve milk quality, improve digestibility, maintain acid-base balance, improve intake
What is the term for an animal that never grows horns because of its genetic make-up?
polled
What does the recently added trait DPR stand for?
daughter pregnancy rate
The optimum calcium to _____ ratio in the lactating cow is 1.5-2: 1
phosphorus
When was the DCA scorecard last modified?
2009
What vitamin can animals make by simply being exposed to sunlight?
Vitamin D
What is the most important thing a claf receives from colostrum?
immunoglobins, antibodies, passive immunity
Name one of the two limiting amino acids in dairy cattle rations.
lysine, methionine
How old is a calf when it begins to chew its cud?
2-3 weeks
List the four categories found on the PDCA scorecard.
Udder, Dairy Strength, Rear Feet & Legs, Frame
A colostrometer measures the amount of __.
antibdies in milk
Name two types of common dairy cattle bedding materials.
newspaper, recycled manure solids, sand, sawdust, shavings, straw
What does the term mastication mean?
chewing
The structure through which the fetus receives all of its nutrients is called:
placenta
What hormone peaks at the onset of standing estrus?
estrogen
Where is the North American Invitational Livestock Expo held?
Louiseville, KY
Cows that do notcycle properly from a reproductive standpoint are called what?
cystic
What does CAFO stand for?
concentrated animal feeding operation
How many pounds of whole milk does it take to make one pound of butter?
21-22 lbs
What animal identification mear notchesethod is not normally used on calves?
ear notches
Chyme is the feed material found in what part of the digestive system?
small intestine
Another term to describe the act fo burping up gases produced in the rumen is:
eructation
What fungal infection do heifers contract that presents with gray, scaly patches that is transmissible to humans?
ringworm
Delegates attending the 2010 annual meeting of the National Milk Producers Federation voted to support a gradual reduction in SCC limits from the current limit of 750,000 to what?
400,000 (current EU limit)
What disease causes the biggest economic loss in the dairy industry?
mastitis
Where is the corpus luteum located in the animal’s body?
corpus luteum forms on the ovary
Where on the cow would you inject a needle if you have to give medication using the IV method?
all injections should be in the neck
The IV method of giving medication means the needle is injected how?
IV means intravenous or into the vein, other methods are SQ or subcutaneous which is under the skin, IM which is intramuscular meaning in a muscle all given in the NECK
Name one of the three basic elements that make up a carbohydrate.
carbon (C), hydrogen (H), oxygen (O)
What compartment of the stomach is affected by hardware disease?
reticulum
___ is the name of the condition that can exist in a cow after calving when an excessive amount of lymph fluid accumulates between the skin and the secretory tissue of the udder?
udder edema
What is one technique used to dehorn calves.
paste, electric, burning, cutting
The term anaerobic means there is no ___ present.
oxygen
What are progeny?
an animal’s offspring
What is ovulation?
the release of an egg from a follicle
What is another term for “laceration”?
cut
What do you call the instrument used to give a heifer or cow a pill?
balling gun
What is another name for hypcalcemia?
milk fever
What are we referring to when using the terms acute, clinical, sub-clinical, chronic?
mastitis
What breeds consider an ear tattoo an acceptable method of permanent ID?
Brown Swiss, Jersey, Milking Shorthorn
What are the two primary gases produced in the rumen?
carbon dioxide and methane
What country in the world has the most dairy cattle?
India
What is the common name of the milk sugar, which gives milk its sweet flavor?
lactose
During cold weather, what happens to the calf’s requirement for energy?
it increases
What is the process that heats milk in order to kil bacteria?
pasteurization
What does DA stand for?
displaced abomasum
Tallow, calcium soaps and whole oil seeds are used in dairy cattle rations to provide ___.
fats
The majority of modern milk producers in the US use which method to pasteurize milk?
high temperature, short-term pasteurization
What is the structure on the overy called in which the egg develops?
follicle
In natural service, where is the sperm deposited in the female?
vagina
If you are animal has swelling of the foot with a foul odor and has trouble walking, what condition might they be suffering from?
foot rot
What breed of cow orginated in the Netherlands and Germany?
Holstein
What types of diseases are transmittable between animals and humans?
zoonotic
Name one of the two parts of a cow’s anatomy that can be called wry.
face or tail
Where was the first case of BSE (Mad Cow) found?
England
In what season is the rate of abortion the highest?
summer
What part of the cow’s anatomy can be affected by laminitis?
hoof, lamina
What calving ease score would be recorded for a Holstein cow if the calving was extremely difficult?
5
What is the leagal limit for bacteria counts in raw milk in the US?
100,000 cells/mL
What hormone is found in CIDR vaginal insets?
progesterone
Which is the polyestrous, goat or cow?
goat
Where is the LaMancha goat tattooed?
web of the tail
The back of the dairy cow is comprised of which two body parts?
chine and loin
Postdipping teats after milking is not recommended during what season?
trick question - it is always a GOOD idea
A sterile heifer born twin to a bull is called a __.
freemartin
A mature dairy cow has how many teeth?
32
What do the letters DE stand for?
Digestible Energy
A ____ is define as “a cell, group of cells or organ of endothelial origin that selectively remove materials from the blood, concentrates or alters them, and secretets them for further use of elimination in the body.”
gland
Give one example of a buffer commonly used in dairy cattle rations.
limestone (calcium carbonate). Magnesium oxide, sodium bentonite, sodium bicarbonate
If a farmer tells you they balanced their ration to meet the NEL requirementsof his cows, what is he referring to?
Net Energy for Lactation
Name one type of manure storage facility.
anaerobic pit, above ground tank, lagoon, dry stack barn
In what season is the incidence of retained placenta the highest?
Summer
The grandparents each contribute what percentage of an animal’s genes?
25%
When does peak milk production occur?
2-3 weeks before peak feed intake
What are extra teats called?
supernumerary
If you animal has weight loss, diarrrhea, and swelling under its jaw, what condition might they be suffering from?
internal parasites (worms)
Which breed allows a white or black switch as well as a white or black tongue?
Jersey
In what year was the first Hoard’s Dairyman Cattle Judging Contest?
1930
What is the term for the measurement of average superiority or inferiority that will be tranmistted to an offspring?
predicted transmitting ability (PTA)
Name 3 sources for on-farm milk contamination.
air, antibiotics, dirt, equipment, feed, insects, interior of udder and water
E. Coli and Klebsiella are what group of mastitis pathogens?
environmental
The enzyme that the human body needs to digest milk sugar is ___.
lactase
What are the two purposes of dry cow antibiotic treatment?
to remove existing infection and to prevent new infection
How many cents per hundredweight of milk id deducted from every dairy producer’s milk check to pay for promotion and research?
15¢
What part of the male reproductive system produces and secertes testosterone?
testes
Milk taste improves as the level of ______ increases.
protein
What is the intrument called that tests the freezing point of milk to see if water has been added?
cryoscope
What is an organism that requires another organism to live?
parasite
A lack of which macromineral will cause rickets in dairy cattle?
calcium
Where is the National Dairy Shrine located?
Fort Atkinson, WI
Name three mammals other than a cow, that are used to produce milk for human consumption.
camel, goat, human, reindeer, sheep, water buffalo, yak, llama, horse
What breed of dairy cattle is also known as the “big brown cow”?
Brown Swiss
Where is the Holstein Association located?
Brattleboro, VT
Name two breeds of dairy goat.
Alpine, LaMancha, Toggenburg, Sannen, Oberhasli, Nigerian Dwarf, African Pygmy
What date must a heifer be born to be the oldest possible animal in the intermediate heifer calf and winter heifer yearling classes?
1-Dec
What does DUMPS stand for?
deficiency of uridine monophosphate synthase
Fats have 2.25 times the energy value of what?
starch, carbohydrate
The ____ of the alfalfa plant have the highest digestibilty.
leaves
Grass tetany is a disease linked to the shortage of what element normally found in the soil and plants?
magnesium
A mature dairy cow produces ___ saliva every day.
50 - 80 quarts
How many upper front teeth does a cow have?
none
Why would a nutrionist add sodium bicarbonate or calcium carbonate to a cow’s ration?
buffer
When posing your cow for the judge, her rear leg closest to the judge should be:
slightly forward of the other one
What is another name for the calf’s father?
sire
Arteries carry blood _____ the heart?
away from
Any microorganism that carries disease is called a ___.
pathogen
How many pairs of chromosomes do cattle and goats have?
30 pair
Your VWP is 60 days. What does VWP stand for?
Voluntary Wailitng Period
Name 2 fat soluble vitamins.
Vitamin A, D, E , K
Name an on-farm screening test for mastitis.
California Mastitis Test (CMT), Conductivity, Strip cup
Pinkeye is most common during which season?
summer
Where are the sperm deposited during artificial insemination
uterus
What is the basic unit of inheritance called?
gene
In dairy cattle judging, which of the following is the part of the cow you are referring to when you describe the cow as being sickle-hocked?
rear legs
What type of microorganism causes warts?
virus
What is the process called when a cow is treated with a hormone to increase the number of eggs produced?
superovulation
