2014 Submitted JR Questions Flashcards
What are the two major sources of energy for the dairy cow?
fats and carbohydrates
Which of the five major nutrients is most likely to be the limiting nutrient for the high producing dairy cow?
energy
What is the most concentrated energy source in dairy cattle rations?
fats
What are the building blocks of fats and lipids?
fatty acids
Name the three basic elements contained in a carbohydrate.
carbon, hydrogen, oxygen
Name a structural carbohydrate that a cow can use as a source of energy.
cellulose, hemicellulose
Sugar, starch and pectin are known as what type of carbohydrate?
nonstructural
Rumen microbes break down carbohydrates into what?
volatile fatty acids
Which organ of the digestive system secretes enzymes into the small intestine?
pancread
The building blocks of true proteins are known as what?
amino acids
Name one of the two most limiting amino acids.
lysine, methionine
Minerals needed in relatively large quantities are known by what name?
macrominerals
Microminerals, those needed in relatively small quantities, are also known as what?
trace minerals
Which of the macrominerals is needed by the dairy cow in the largest amount?
potassium
The abbreviation “ppm” stands for what measurement?
parts per million
Name the two ways in which vitamins can be classified.
fat-soluble, water-soluble
What vitamin has a function that is similar to selenium?
vitamin E
Which vitamin is essential for proper blood coagulation?
vitamin K
Name two ways in which a cow excretes or loses water.
breathing, feces, milk, sweat, urine
Performance, such as growth and milk production, will be reduced the quickest by a lack of which essential nutrient?
water
What do the letters TMR stand for?
total mixed ration
The gene is the basic unit of what?
inheritance
In dairy cattle genetics, the threadlike strand of DNA, which carries the genes, is called the what?
chromosome
In dairy cattle genetics, what do you call the position that a given gene occupies on the chromosome
locus
In dairy cattle genetics, the genetic make-up of an individual animal is known as the what?
genotype
In dairy cattle the color of the hair is an observed trait. The observed traits of an animal are referred to as the animal’s what?
phenotype
A record of ancestry is also known as a what?
pedigree
The Nationa 4-H Dairy Cattle judging Contest is held each year during what dairy cattle show?
World Dairy Expo
On the PDCA dairy heifer scorecard, which category is worth the most points?
frame
On thePDCA dairy heifer scorecard, which category is worth just 10 points?
body capacity
According to the PDCA Showmanship Evaluation Card, repeated striking of the animal is a reason for what action?
disqualification
If you are in the judging circle, which side of the animal should you be on, when viewed from the rear?
left
An acid is a substnace whose pH level is below what number?
7
In dairy cattle, the manyplies is the common name for which stomach compartment?
omasum
The tiny finger-like projections that lie the wall of the rumen are known as what?
papillae
In dairy cattle, which stomach compartment secretes enzymes and acids?
abomasum, true stomach
Hydrochloric acid is the primary acid found in which dairy cattle stomach compartment?
abomasum, true stomach
The small intestine is divided into how many segments?
three
Eructation is also known by what common name?
burping, belching
In dairy cattle, hardware disease occurs in which stomach compartment?
reticulum
In ruminants, the process of regurgitation, re-chewing, and re-swallowing is known as what?
rumination
In which organ of the digestive tract are fats broken down?
small intestine
For milking cows, how many essential amino acids are there?
10
As soon as a dairy cow leaves the milking parlor, this is a peak time for the consumption of what nutrient?
water
Biotin, riboflavin and niacin are all part of what complex vitamin?
vitamin B
Water absorption and storage of waste materials are the main functions of which organ of the digestive system?
large intestine
Any substance that can reduce changes in pH when an acid or alkali is added is known as a what?
buffer
A dairy animal whose sire and dam of the same breed are registered or who are eligible to be registered in a herdbook, is known as a what?
purebred
What is the first organ to receive blood from the small intestine?
liver
Chyme is feed material found in which digestive organ?
small intestine
