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Dairy Bowl > 2014 Submitted JR Questions > Flashcards

2014 Submitted JR Questions Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two major sources of energy for the dairy cow?

A

fats and carbohydrates

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2
Q

Which of the five major nutrients is most likely to be the limiting nutrient for the high producing dairy cow?

A

energy

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3
Q

What is the most concentrated energy source in dairy cattle rations?

A

fats

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4
Q

What are the building blocks of fats and lipids?

A

fatty acids

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5
Q

Name the three basic elements contained in a carbohydrate.

A

carbon, hydrogen, oxygen

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6
Q

Name a structural carbohydrate that a cow can use as a source of energy.

A

cellulose, hemicellulose

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7
Q

Sugar, starch and pectin are known as what type of carbohydrate?

A

nonstructural

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8
Q

Rumen microbes break down carbohydrates into what?

A

volatile fatty acids

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9
Q

Which organ of the digestive system secretes enzymes into the small intestine?

A

pancread

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10
Q

The building blocks of true proteins are known as what?

A

amino acids

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11
Q

Name one of the two most limiting amino acids.

A

lysine, methionine

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12
Q

Minerals needed in relatively large quantities are known by what name?

A

macrominerals

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13
Q

Microminerals, those needed in relatively small quantities, are also known as what?

A

trace minerals

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14
Q

Which of the macrominerals is needed by the dairy cow in the largest amount?

A

potassium

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15
Q

The abbreviation “ppm” stands for what measurement?

A

parts per million

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16
Q

Name the two ways in which vitamins can be classified.

A

fat-soluble, water-soluble

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17
Q

What vitamin has a function that is similar to selenium?

A

vitamin E

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18
Q

Which vitamin is essential for proper blood coagulation?

A

vitamin K

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19
Q

Name two ways in which a cow excretes or loses water.

A

breathing, feces, milk, sweat, urine

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20
Q

Performance, such as growth and milk production, will be reduced the quickest by a lack of which essential nutrient?

A

water

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21
Q

What do the letters TMR stand for?

A

total mixed ration

22
Q

The gene is the basic unit of what?

A

inheritance

23
Q

In dairy cattle genetics, the threadlike strand of DNA, which carries the genes, is called the what?

A

chromosome

24
Q

In dairy cattle genetics, what do you call the position that a given gene occupies on the chromosome

A

locus

25
Q

In dairy cattle genetics, the genetic make-up of an individual animal is known as the what?

A

genotype

26
Q

In dairy cattle the color of the hair is an observed trait. The observed traits of an animal are referred to as the animal’s what?

A

phenotype

27
Q

A record of ancestry is also known as a what?

A

pedigree

28
Q

The Nationa 4-H Dairy Cattle judging Contest is held each year during what dairy cattle show?

A

World Dairy Expo

29
Q

On the PDCA dairy heifer scorecard, which category is worth the most points?

A

frame

30
Q

On thePDCA dairy heifer scorecard, which category is worth just 10 points?

A

body capacity

31
Q

According to the PDCA Showmanship Evaluation Card, repeated striking of the animal is a reason for what action?

A

disqualification

32
Q

If you are in the judging circle, which side of the animal should you be on, when viewed from the rear?

A

left

33
Q

An acid is a substnace whose pH level is below what number?

A

7

34
Q

In dairy cattle, the manyplies is the common name for which stomach compartment?

A

omasum

35
Q

The tiny finger-like projections that lie the wall of the rumen are known as what?

A

papillae

36
Q

In dairy cattle, which stomach compartment secretes enzymes and acids?

A

abomasum, true stomach

37
Q

Hydrochloric acid is the primary acid found in which dairy cattle stomach compartment?

A

abomasum, true stomach

38
Q

The small intestine is divided into how many segments?

A

three

39
Q

Eructation is also known by what common name?

A

burping, belching

40
Q

In dairy cattle, hardware disease occurs in which stomach compartment?

A

reticulum

41
Q

In ruminants, the process of regurgitation, re-chewing, and re-swallowing is known as what?

A

rumination

42
Q

In which organ of the digestive tract are fats broken down?

A

small intestine

43
Q

For milking cows, how many essential amino acids are there?

A

10

44
Q

As soon as a dairy cow leaves the milking parlor, this is a peak time for the consumption of what nutrient?

A

water

45
Q

Biotin, riboflavin and niacin are all part of what complex vitamin?

A

vitamin B

46
Q

Water absorption and storage of waste materials are the main functions of which organ of the digestive system?

A

large intestine

47
Q

Any substance that can reduce changes in pH when an acid or alkali is added is known as a what?

A

buffer

48
Q

A dairy animal whose sire and dam of the same breed are registered or who are eligible to be registered in a herdbook, is known as a what?

A

purebred

49
Q

What is the first organ to receive blood from the small intestine?

A

liver

50
Q

Chyme is feed material found in which digestive organ?

A

small intestine

Dairy Bowl (57 decks)

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