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Dairy Bowl > 2012 INT Contest Questions > Flashcards

2012 INT Contest Questions Flashcards

1
Q

Name the hormone that maintains pregnancy.

A

progesterone

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2
Q

List 3 causes of scours.

A

overcrowding, overfeeding, unsanitary calving conditions, inadequate colostrum, poor quality milk replacer, poor quality colostrum, inadequate ventilation

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3
Q

How can you prevent Johannes disease?

A

prevent newborn calves and young animals from ingesting manure from adults through feed, water, environment or dam; calving areas clean and dry, free of manure, well bedded; remove calf from dam immediately after birth; do use same equipment to clean manure and to load feed; do not walk in feed bunks; sell at birth all calves from positive test cows; do ot allow positive test cows to calve; identify & remove infected cows alond with their manure

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4
Q

What is the difference between sterility and infertility?

A

sterility describes and animal that cannot produce while infertility describes and animal that is neither normally fertile nor totally sterile

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5
Q

Name 3 macrominerals.

A

calcium, chlorine, magnesium, phosphorus, potassium, sodium, sulfur

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6
Q

What is a metabolic disorder?

A

a condition which occurs when problems occur in any metabolic function of the body

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7
Q

What is the formula to calculate breeding value?

A

Sire’s transmitting ability + dam’s tansmitting ability

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8
Q

Dairy cattle have how many chromosome pairs?

A

30

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9
Q

When is a bullproof is available?

A

3-5 years after semen distributed

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10
Q

What is one of the frequent causes of antibiotics in milk?

A

masititis

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11
Q

What is a CAFO? What do the letter stand for?

A

concentrated animal feeding operation

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12
Q

Name 2 elements found in protein.

A

carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen

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13
Q

What fast food chain uses the most milk?

A

McDonald’s

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14
Q

What would disqualify you/your animal from a dairy cattle show?

A

blid quarter, freemartin heifer, permanent lameness, total blindness, tampering to concela faults

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15
Q

What is the milk process called that heats milk?

A

pasteurization

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16
Q

Name 2 external parasites.

A

lice, ticks, flies, mites

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17
Q

What vitamin is essential for strong, healthy bones and teeth?

A

Vitamin D

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18
Q

Give 3 methods to reduce soil erosion.

A

contour cropping, cover crop, grass waterways, reduced tillage, soil seeding, strip cropping, terracing, wind breaks

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19
Q

Name the 2 main functions of the ovary.

A

poduce ova; secrete hormones

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20
Q

What is the difference between genotype and phenotype?

A

genotype is the genetic makeup of the animal; phenotype is the observed trait of an individual that results from the genotype

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21
Q

Explain the difference between mobidity and mortality?

A

morbidity is the nimber of sick animals while mortality is the number of dead animals

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22
Q

Where is a weight tape placed?

A

around the body, behind the shoulders

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23
Q

Describe the correlation between age and milk consumption.

A

as age INCREASES then milk consumption DECREASES

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24
Q

Cheese and nonfat milk are traded where?

A

Chicago Mercantile Exchange

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25
Q

List 2 valuable nutrients lost through silage seepage.

A

protein, minerals, organic acids, soluable sugars

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26
Q

A farmer adminsiters medicine without a vet that is not recommended for the illness. Is this legal?

A

no extra-lable drug use is not legal

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27
Q

Name the symptoms of ringworm and how you would treat it.

A

scaly patches on skin, hair loss; treat with anti-fungal cream

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28
Q

The 305 milk production is highest in cows calving in what months?

A

November, December, January

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29
Q

The first milk from the cow is called what?

A

colostrum

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30
Q

Where are wattles located on a dairy goat?

A

under the neck on either side

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31
Q

What is the cows first line of defense against mastitis?

A

teat canal

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32
Q

What organ is repsosible for gluconeogensis?

A

liver

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33
Q

What color is a colostrometer when it is reading high quality?

A

green - high quality/ red - low quality

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34
Q

Which organ follows the omasum?

A

abomasum

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35
Q

Why is it beneficial to cross breed to separate breeds?

A

crossbreeding increases hybrid vigor (increases the number of heterozygous gene pairs(Rr), which concentrates superior qualities so that offspring perform above the average of the parents)

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36
Q

What term describes the movement of nitrates through soils to groundwater?

A

leeching

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37
Q

What is the most important factor to consider when breeding a heifer?

A

body size

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38
Q

What vitamin is necessary to maintain proper eyesight?

A

Vitamin A

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39
Q

What types of secretions are produced by the pancreas?

A

buffers that neutralize the acid from the abomasum, enzymes that aid digestion, hormones like insulin and glucagon

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40
Q

What is withdrawal time and where is it found?

A

The withdrawal time is the time required to wait after giving an animal medication, before its milk or meat may be sold

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41
Q

What is a toxin?

A

a poison produced by a microorganism that kills cells

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42
Q

What organs are infected by the disease BLV or bovine leukosis virus?

A

lymph nodes, heart, GI tract, liver, spleen, uterus, kidney (not in our literature)

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43
Q

What does the acronym MUN stand for?

A

milk urea nitrogen - shows how well nitrogen and fermentable carbohydrates are balanced in the ration

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44
Q

During which season do most abortions occur?

A

summer (not found in our literature)

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45
Q

Who was the first bull to produce 1 million units of semen?

A

Fisher-Place Mandingo

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46
Q

Which breed produces the most milk on average?

A

Holstein

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47
Q

What is the corpus luteum?

A

temporary gland that forms on the ovary after the ovum is released

48
Q

According to the PDCA Unified Scorecard, what is a perfect score for the rump?

A

5 points

49
Q

A squawking teat cup line is a sign of what malfunction?

A

milking wet teats, improper liner design, cluster weight, vacuum fluctuations

50
Q

What document establishes the standards for Grade A milk?

A

PMO - Pasteurized Milk Ordinance

51
Q

Name the six breeds that can have off white spots?

A

Ayrshire, Guernsey, Red & White and Black & White Holstein, Jersey, Milking Shorthorn Note: ONLY Brown Swiss are NOT allowed any white markings

52
Q

An ear tattoo is allowable identification for which breeds?

A

Brown Swiss, Milking Shorthorn

53
Q

In the dairy show ring, which direction do you walk when showing your cow?

A

clockwise

54
Q

What happens to the fiber content of grass as it matures?

A

fiber content increases with age

55
Q

What is added to fat free milk in order to whiten it?

A

titanium dioxide

56
Q

What is the term for excessive gas in the rumen?

A

bloat

57
Q

Give 3 factors that affect the dairy cow’s environment?

A

climate, season of the year, herd size, housing type, frequency and duration of confinement housing, management of cows and facilities

58
Q

Give 4 reasons cows are culled from the herd?

A

low production, mastitis, reproduction, udder, feet and legs, disease, imjury, disposition

59
Q

Name 4 common dairy bedding materials?

A

newspaper, recycled manure solids, sand, sawdust, shavings, straw

60
Q

Considering nutrient management, what affects the nutrient levels of manure?

A

climate, crop, amount of added feed, bedding and water, method of storage, method of application, method of collection, time of application, type of feed ration

61
Q

What are 4 important points to consider when choosing a cow?

A

age, breed, health, pedigree, conformation

62
Q

Who holds the patent for condensed milk?

A

Borden

63
Q

Energy comes from what 3 dietary sources?

A

fats, proteins, carbohydrates

64
Q

Name the primary protein in milk?

A

casein

65
Q

Once calves are weaned they can be moved from individual hutches into group housing. The calves are sorted into groups based on what?

A

size and age

66
Q

A deficiency of what mineral is responsible for milk fever?

A

calcium

67
Q

What country has the most cows?

A

India

68
Q

What is the male reproductive hormone?

A

testosterone

69
Q

Increased levels of Vitamin K in forage increased incidence of what metabolic disease?

A

milk fever

70
Q

Soybean meal is added to rations to provide what nutrient?

A

protein

71
Q

Who receives an ovum from a donor? (ova are eggs, ovum is one egg)

A

recipient

72
Q

What does the term anaerobic mean?

A

without oxygen

73
Q

How often does one give a Prosilac injection?

A

every 14 days

74
Q

What are the two leading causes for death in cattle?

A

scours, pneumonia

75
Q

Minerals needed in the largest amount are called what?

A

macrominerals

76
Q

What is the main function of the large intestine?

A

absorb water

77
Q

What do you call the movement of nutrients across the surface of soils to surface water?

A

runoff (also referred to as non-point souce pollution)

78
Q

What is the optimal temperature for milk stored on the farm?

A

under 40ºF

79
Q

If a vet gives a subcutaneous needle, how is the needle going into the cow?

A

going under the skin (SUB Q)

80
Q

What is the name of the process that mixes the fat into the milk?

A

homogenization

81
Q

What is a reduction sale?

A

a sale of dairy cows by the farmer

82
Q

The letters HL represent the gentic code for what trait?

A

hairless

83
Q

What is the primary acid found in the abomasum?

A

hydrochloric acid

84
Q

How many amino acids are found in proteins?

A

20 standard amino acid, 10 are essential, lysine and methionine are the most limiting amino acids

85
Q

Blackleg is an acute fever producing disease that occurs in what farm animals?

A

cattle and sheep

86
Q

What is the term used to describe the process of rechewing forages?

A

remasticiation

87
Q

What does the acronym TMDL stand for?

A

total maximum daily load (a term in the Clean Water Act that describes a value of the maximum amount of pollutant a body a water can receive and still meet water quality standards)

88
Q

Which farm animal is known as seasonally polyestrous?

A

goat (cows are polyestous and can go into heat several times a year, however, goats go into heat only during a specific season of the year)

89
Q

Leukocytes are also known as what?

A

white blood cells

90
Q

What is the term for when a cow belches?

A

eructation

91
Q

Vitamin K is essential for what?

A

the clotting of blood

92
Q

What methods can be used to prevent new mastitis cases?

A

teat dipping, treating dry cows with antibiotics

93
Q

What is the recommended crude protein content of calf starter?

A

18-22%

94
Q

What is GnRH and what is its function?

A

Gonadotropin releasing hormone, which causes release of LH (luteinizing hormone) and FSH (follicle stimulating hormone)

95
Q

What is palatability?

A

tastiness

96
Q

What would a calving evaluation score be if a cow’s calving was extrememly difficult?

A

5

97
Q

What is bypass protein?

A

protein unchanged by the rumen microbes

98
Q

The genetic base for USDA-AIPL genetic evaluations is updated every five years. What year was it last updated?

A

2010

99
Q

What volume of colostrum should be given to a newborn calf within one hour after birth?

A

3-4 quarts (the calf’s ability to absorb antibodies decreases within 12 hours)

100
Q

What is the sac-like structure in the udder, where milk is produced?

A

alveoli

101
Q

What are 2 signs of a nervous cow?

A

bawling, pacing

102
Q

How long is the estrous cycle?

A

21 days

103
Q

What are the dangers of overmilking?

A

teat damage, mastitis

104
Q

The abomasum contains what enzymes?

A

pepsin and renin

105
Q

What is the average length of thedairy cattl small intestine?

A

130 feet

106
Q

What mineral has a negative charge?

A

chlorine and sulfur (these are anions - negatively charged ion - a molecule or atom where the electrons and protons are not equal, giving the molecule a postitive or negative charge)

107
Q

What nutrient is 75% of the cow by weight?

A

water

108
Q

Name 2 factors that affect the quality of hay?

A

the type, storage, fertilizer, cut

109
Q

In 2012,there were 34 million acres in CRP. What is the CRP?

A

Conservation Reserve Program

110
Q

Name 4 reasons a cow goes lame.

A

abscess, foot rot, infection, injury, soft sole syndrom, trimming too close

111
Q

Name the steps of rumination.

A

regurgitate, masticate, swallow, eructation

112
Q

The plug that forms in the teat canal is made of what?

A

keratin

113
Q

Give 2 things to do immediately after a calf is born.

A

check breathing, make physical assesment, feed colostrum

114
Q

Give 4 ways water is excreted by the cow.

A

convection, conduction, radiation, evaporation

115
Q

Is shelled corn a forage or a concentrate?

A

concentrate

116
Q

What is the liquid in the small intestine called?

A

chyme

117
Q

Give 2 methods used to detect pregnancy.

A

not coming into heat, ultrasound

Dairy Bowl (57 decks)

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